1. Transnational Organized Crime
The UNODC-WCO Container Control Programme
Transnational Organized Crime

2. Criminal Markets Illicit trafficking
Trafficking in Stolen Vehicles, global more than records of reported stolen motor vehicles.
Tobacco Smuggling
Illicit Firearms Trafficking
Illegal trafficking in flora and fauna and waste
Crimes against persons
Irregular migrants
Trafficking in Human Beings (THB)
Exploitation of children
Illicit trafficking
Trafficking in Stolen Vehicles
globally more 3 million records of reported stolen motor vehicles
1.3 million vehicles are currently stolen each year in the EU;
Tobacco Smuggling
Illicit Firearms Trafficking
some 600 million firearms in circulation, or one weapon for every twelve people
Illegal trafficking in flora and fauna and waste
Globally, environmental crime accounts for an estimated US$ billion annually.
Crimes against persons
Irregular migrants
There are roughly 30 to 40 million unauthorized migrants worldwide, comprising around 15 to 20 percent of the world's immigrant stock
Trafficking in Human Beings (THB)
UN Database on THB documents the trafficking of human beings from 127 countries to be exploited in 137 countries
Exploitation of children

3. Pharmaceuticals, classified as drugs Drug precursors
Drugs and precursors
Cocaine
Heroin
Synthetic Drugs
Cannabis
Pharmaceuticals, classified as drugs
Drug precursors
 Financial Crime and other crimes against property
Money Laundering
Swindling and Fraud
Counterfeiting and Forgery
Organised Robberies, Burglaries and Theft
Theft of cultural goods
Drugs
Cocaine
Heroin
Synthetic Drugs
Cannabis
Pharmaceuticals, classified as drugs
Financial Crime and other crimes against property
Money Laundering
2 to 5 percent of global GDP
Swindling and Fraud
Counterfeiting and Forgery
Organised Robberies, Burglaries and Theft
Theft of cultural goods
Interpol estimates that art theft is the fourth largest criminal activity after drugs, money laundering and illegal arms trading.
only 5 % of stolen arts recovered
Interpol estimates that art theft is the fourth largest criminal activity after drugs, money laundering and illegal arms trading. Only 5 % of stolen arts recovered.

4. TOC New players Traditional forms of TOC
Heroine and cocaine trafficking
Extortion
Human trafficking
Migrant smuggling
Firearms trafficking
Money laundering
(Re-)emerging forms of TOC
Trafficking in fraudulent medicine
Natural resource trafficking
Global environmental crime, worth up to USD 213 billion each year according to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and INTERPOL. (report June 2014)
Counterfeit goods trafficking
Cultural property trafficking
Piracy
Cybercrime ( computer hacking, computer fraud or forgery (identity theft)
New players
ISlide 2: TOC is diverse
In addition to the traditional forms of TOC, the ability to make a profit in new or re-emerging forms of organized crime has led organized criminal groups particularly to areas where there is market demand. The production and trafficking of fraudulent medicine is just one of these forms of crimes. The international community struggles to keep up with new actors and new means, such as the internet.
n addition to the traditional forms of TOC, the ability to make a profit in new or re-emerging forms of organized crime has led organized criminal groups particularly to areas where there is market demand
Those that have gained particular attention:
Trafficking in fraudulent medicines
Trafficking in natural resources: which encompasses two major subheadings. (1) Crime related to pollution, particularly, dumping of hazardous waste and (2) illicit harvesting of natural resources, including threatened species of animals, fish and timber.
Trafficking of counterfeit goods :
Trafficking in fraudulent medicines:
Trafficking in cultural property: has seen an increasing involvement of organized criminal groups. The crime covers stealing and looting of archaeological sites and the illicit the import, export or transfer of ownership of cultural property.
Marine piracy:. Encompassing offences of (1) robbery or hijacking where the target is a maritime vessel or its cargo and (2) kidnapping for ransom, where the object of attack is the crew. The acts of piracy that have been occurring off the coast of Somalia have been mostly of the latter form, being carried out against commercial freighters or pleasure crafts.
Cybercrime: which covers a broad range of offences including computer hacking, computer fraud or forgery (identity theft) and content offences (dissemination of child pornography)

5. Selected Transnational Organized Crime Flows
TOC: Global
Selected Transnational Organized Crime Flows
Slide 1: In 2010, UNODC published a report on the Globalization of Crime and this chart illustrates the point that
Crime has grown along with globalization and advances in transport and technology. More importantly, crime ,follows market demand for illicit products and is drawn to regions and countries with weak enforcement and rule of law.
Most TOC flows begin on one continent and end on another, often by means of a third, so only interventions at the scale of the problem – global – are likely to have a sustained effect.
- The Globalization of Crime, UNODC 2010

6. Opiates
Heroin destinations

7. Main global cocaine flows
Since 1998, US down, Europe up, but stable

8. Main global methamphetamine flows
Since 1998, US down, Europe up, but stable

9. Responding to TOC An effective response must be UNTOC’s contribution:
Global, integrated and coordinated
Strategic: including policy and operations in combating TOC
Comprehensive: Addressing all aspects of the “value chain”
UNTOC’s contribution:
Facilitation of regional and international cooperation
Facilitation of legitimate trade, coordination and communication between actors
Offer tools that are flexible, practical and effective
Slide 4: How should we respond?
An effective response must be
Global, integrated and coordinated
Strategic: including policy and operations in combating TOC
Comprehensive: Addressing all aspects of the “value chain”
Facilitate regional and international cooperation
Facilitate coordination and communication between actors
Offer tools that are flexible, practical and effective

10. UNODC Objectives
To assist the UN in issues of:
illicit trafficking in and abuse of drugs;
crime prevention and criminal justice;
international terrorism;
corruption.

11. UNODC Mandate
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is a global leader in the fight against illicit drugs, transnational organized crime, terrorism and corruption, and is the guardian of most of the related conventions, particularly:
The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its three protocols (against trafficking in persons, smuggling of migrants and trafficking in firearms);
The United Nations Convention against Corruption;
The international drug control conventions.
Palermo convention – into force
Smuggling of Migrants protocol into force
Human trafficking protocol into force
Firearms protocol – signatories 52 / parties 18.

12. Overview The three pillars of UNODC’s work are:
Research and analytical work;
Normative work; and
Field-based technical cooperation projects.
The three pillars of UNODC’s work are:
• Research and analytical work to increase knowledge and understanding of drugs and crime issues and expand the evidence base
for policy and operational decisions;
• Normative work to assist States in the ratification and implementation of the international treaties, the development of domestic legislation on drugs, crime and terrorism, and the provision of secretariat and substantive services to the treaty-based and governing bodies; and
• Field-based technical cooperation projects to enhance the capacity of Member States to counteract illicit drugs, crime and terrorism.

13. Success story of the UNODC-WCO Container Control Programme
UNODC-WCO Container Control Programme (CCP) expanded to 9 geographical regions.
20 countries have fully operational Port Control Units (50 Ports participate).
In 30 countries, the Programme is engaging with relevant authorities to establish Port Control Units and deliver tailor-made training.
In 2013, 56 training workshops, study tours and mentorships took place.
553 Enforcement officials from different Enforcement Agencies were trained.
Results of the programme in 2013: kg cocaine, 6422 kg cannabis,1277 kg heroin, 60,883 kg tramadol and 725 kg ivory.
Large quantities of counterfeit goods (119 containers detained), medicines, cigarettes, stolen cars and e-waste were also seized in 2013.
There was a significant increase in seized illicit goods in 2013 compared to the year 2012.
East Africa, West Africa, North Africa and Middle East, Latin America, South Asia, Central Asia, Europe, Black Sea

14. 20 operational countries
Regional structure
Staff #
Benin
Ghana
Senegal #
Togo
Albania
Georgia
Montenegro
Pakistan #
Afghanistan #
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bosnia Herzegovina
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan #
Cape Verde
Egypt #
Iraq
Morocco
Oman
Yemen
Kenya #
Tanzania
Uganda
Maldives
Sri Lanka
Bangladesh
India #
Indonesia
Malaysia
Nepal
Philippines
Thailand #
Vietnam
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
20 operational countries
30 funded countries 14

15. 2015: 750 mill. container throughput
The Challenge
2015: 750 mill. container throughput

16. UNODC-WCO CCP Objectives
Establishment of Container Profiling Units to identify high-risk containers;
Risk management based controls;
Enhanced Partnership with the Private Sector to facilitate legal trade.
Less than 2%
inspected

17. Participating Enforcement Agencies in the Joint Port Control Unit
Customs
Ministry of Transport (Port Authority)
Police
National Security Agencies
Other Enforcement Agencies

18. Sustainability Elements
Formal Agreements between Government and UNODC;
Technical Needs Assessments;
Inter-agency agreements;
WCO ContainerCOMM – global secure information sharing.

19. Available in several languages
WCO ContainerCOMM
Three types of messages:
Warning;
Feedback;
Seizure.
Available in several languages 19

20. Training Elements

21. Risk management based profiling techniques Risk Analysis (targeting)– Commercial Cargo Documents
Advanced information from cargo manifests/ Bill of Lading (pre-arrival , pre-departure phase);
Entry including transhipments and export.
Customs declarations
Proactive use of electronic Cargo Data Systems;
Effective use of WCO tools and open sources;
Active cooperation with the private sector.

22. Some facts since start of the CCP Programme to date
Cocaine:
90000 kg seized
Heroin:
2550 kg seized
Precursor Chemicals:
1240 metric tons
Cannabis:
55 metric tons 22

23. Counterfeit goods: In total More than 300 containers detained
by the Port Control Units 23

24. Protected Timber/ Ivory seizures CITES , cigarettes and alcohol.24

25. Future Strategy
Global expansion of WCO ContainerCOMM to ports outside the CCP to enhance port-to-port communication;
Intensified use of WCO Regional Training Centers, and WCO tools such as the WCO Cargo targeting System
Expanding the programme to the Air cargo sector ( in preparation);
Expanding CCP in Asia, East and North Africa;
Facilitation/accreditation of trainers;
Private sector cooperation;
Anti - Corruption – Human Rights;
Connecting prosecutors – Latin America and Europe;
Basic evidence handling;

26. THANK YOU
For further information: Nicole Maric Crime Prevention Expert Tel:
For further information concerning the UNODC-WCO Container Control Programme: Norbert Steilen WCO Programme manager CCP