1. THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING CORE (CHAPTER 5: PART 1)

2. INTRODUCTION The manufacturing core is outlined on the map on page 89 of the text. The manufacturing core is outlined on the map on page 89 of the text. Although it straddles the U.S.- Canadian boarder, the international boundary has little impact on the region's shape. Although it straddles the U.S.- Canadian boarder, the international boundary has little impact on the region's shape. Heavy manufacturing is concentrated throughout the Ohio Valley, Megalopolis, and along the southern shores of the Great Lakes. Heavy manufacturing is concentrated throughout the Ohio Valley, Megalopolis, and along the southern shores of the Great Lakes. The western part of the region blends with the agricultural core. The western part of the region blends with the agricultural core.

3. NORTH AMERICA’S MANUFACTURING CORE

4. KEY TERMS Core area Core area Accessibility resources Accessibility resources Heavy industry Heavy industry Hinterland Hinterland

5. KEY TERMS Core Area Core Area The portion of a country that contains its economic, political, intellectual, and cultural focus The portion of a country that contains its economic, political, intellectual, and cultural focus Often the center of creativity and change Often the center of creativity and change Can be approximated by viewing the region of greatest overlap among the cultural, political and economic heartlands Can be approximated by viewing the region of greatest overlap among the cultural, political and economic heartlands Accessibility Resources Accessibility Resources Naturally occurring landscape features that facilitate the interaction between places. Naturally occurring landscape features that facilitate the interaction between places. Navigable waterways - rivers and the Great Lakes Navigable waterways - rivers and the Great Lakes Provided distinct advantages to the manufacturing core Provided distinct advantages to the manufacturing core

7. KEY TERMS (continued) Heavy Industry Heavy Industry The conversion of large volumes of raw materials and partially processed materials into products of higher value The conversion of large volumes of raw materials and partially processed materials into products of higher value Involves considerable capital investments in large machinery and heavy energy consumption Involves considerable capital investments in large machinery and heavy energy consumption Relatively small acreages of heavy industrial activity may account for enormous percentages of overall production. Relatively small acreages of heavy industrial activity may account for enormous percentages of overall production. Only 3% of the total land area of the U.S. and Canada accounts for >50% of the steel production and 71% of all cars. Only 3% of the total land area of the U.S. and Canada accounts for >50% of the steel production and 71% of all cars.

8. STEEL PRODUCTION

10. KEY TERMS (continued) Hinterland Hinterland The area tributary to a place, which is linked to that place through lines of exchange or interaction The area tributary to a place, which is linked to that place through lines of exchange or interaction Usually refers to "the country behind" Usually refers to "the country behind" A surrounding area that is served by an urban center A surrounding area that is served by an urban center

11. MANUFACTURING CORE Location - Examine the map on page 88. Location - Examine the map on page 88. MILLION DOLLAR QUESTION: Why is the manufacturing core located as depicted? MILLION DOLLAR QUESTION: Why is the manufacturing core located as depicted? HINT: The location of any manufacturing center depends upon the availability of the following basic requirements: HINT: The location of any manufacturing center depends upon the availability of the following basic requirements: raw materials raw materials labor labor a market a market transportation transportation energy availability energy availability

12. KEY ADVANTAGES (of the Manufacturing Core) 1. Raw Materials - Enormous reserves of coal and iron ore are available within the core region. 1. Raw Materials - Enormous reserves of coal and iron ore are available within the core region. 2. Labor - In its infancy, the core benefited from thousands of immigrants in search of manual labor type jobs. Today, the region still houses a major concentration of the country's population. 2. Labor - In its infancy, the core benefited from thousands of immigrants in search of manual labor type jobs. Today, the region still houses a major concentration of the country's population. 3. Market - The core possesses a large internal market as well as being accessible to other regional markets, Canada, and abroad. 3. Market - The core possesses a large internal market as well as being accessible to other regional markets, Canada, and abroad.

13. KEY ADVANTAGES (of the Manufacturing Core) 4. Transportation - The Ohio River System and the Great Lakes have proved to be tremendous accessibility resources. Major valleys (such as the Ohio, Mohawk, and Susquehanna) have facilitated the construction of railroads, and more recently, interstate highways. 4. Transportation - The Ohio River System and the Great Lakes have proved to be tremendous accessibility resources. Major valleys (such as the Ohio, Mohawk, and Susquehanna) have facilitated the construction of railroads, and more recently, interstate highways. 5. Energy - Water power, later oil, and now coal for burning in power plants, make this an energy rich region. 5. Energy - Water power, later oil, and now coal for burning in power plants, make this an energy rich region.

14. PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS

15. NORTH AMERICA’S FOSSIL FUELS

16. COAL FIELDS

17. THE STEEL CITY

18. MORPOLOGY OF THE US URBAN- INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE WHEN did the pattern evolve? WHEN did the pattern evolve? WHERE were the key hubs? WHERE were the key hubs? WHY were these places important? WHY were these places important? HOW did individual cities contribute to regional and national patterns? HOW did individual cities contribute to regional and national patterns? WHAT were the underlying processes? WHAT were the underlying processes?

19. BORCHERT'S MODEL The historical growth of the U.S. urban system The historical growth of the U.S. urban system Based on key changes in transportation and industrial energy Based on key changes in transportation and industrial energy 1790-1830 (Sail Wagon Epoch) 1790-1830 (Sail Wagon Epoch) An era characterized by slow, primitive overland and waterway movement An era characterized by slow, primitive overland and waterway movement Boston, New York, and Philadelphia Boston, New York, and Philadelphia 1830-1870 (Iron Horse Epoch) 1830-1870 (Iron Horse Epoch) The period that witnessed the arrival and spread of the steam powered railroad and small-scale industry The period that witnessed the arrival and spread of the steam powered railroad and small-scale industry Pittsburgh, Chicago, and Detroit Pittsburgh, Chicago, and Detroit

20. BORCHERT'S MODEL (continued) - 1870-1920 (Steel Rail Epoch)  Coincided with the American industrial revolution.  The steel industry thrived. - 1920-1960 (Auto-Air Amenity Epoch)  Marked the final stage of industrial urbanization and maturation of the U.S. urban system.  The gasoline engine made a significant impact.  Automobiles, trucks, and airplanes served to enhance mobility and accessibility.

21. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EPOCH (1960-PRESENT) As an extension of Borchert's Model As an extension of Borchert's Model Applies to the U.S. and Canada Applies to the U.S. and Canada Economies have become more dependent on the production and exchange of information, rather than manufacturing. Economies have become more dependent on the production and exchange of information, rather than manufacturing. Earlier locational advantages may not necessarily provide developmental advantages during the information technology era. Earlier locational advantages may not necessarily provide developmental advantages during the information technology era.

22. THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING CORE (CHAPTER 5: PART 1)