1. Text- What is it all about? For 7 th grade Young Adult Reading

2. What Are Text Types  Text Types are defined by the purpose for the writing the text. Narrative Text- to entertain Expository Text- to inform Persuasive Text- to persuade Technical Text- to explain how to do something

3. Definitions of Text Types  Narrative Text- can be fiction or non- fiction, tells a story  Expository Text- always non-fiction, gives information about a specific topic  Persuasive Text- always non-fiction, has both opinions and facts, tries to get the reader to feel/believe a certain way.  Technical Text- always non-fiction, explains how to do something, sometimes has visuals.

4. Examples of Text Types  Narrative Text- novels, Children’s books, short stories, books in verse, biographies, autobiographies, etc.

5. Examples of Text Types  Expository Text- text books, reference books, etc.

6. Examples of Text Types  Persuasive Text- letters to the editor, opposing viewpoints

7. Examples of Text Types  Technical Text- cook books, how-to books, manuals, assembly instructions, etc.

8. Persuasive Text  The purpose of this text is to persuade you to believe the way the author does or to take action.  Author’s bias is the specific stand the author is taking on an issue.  An opinion is expressed by the author and even though it is not factual in nature, it is true to the author. Example: School basics

9. Text Structures- Definitions Text Structure is the way the text is organized Description- The author explains a topic, idea, person, place, or thing by listing characteristics, features, and examples. Focus is on one thing and it’s components. Sequence- The author lists items or events in numerical order or chronological order. Describes the order of events or how to do something. Compare and Contrast- The author explains how two or more things are alike and/or how they are different.

10. Text Structures- Definitions Cause and Effect- The author lists one or more causes (why something happened) and the resulting effects (what happened). Purpose is to explain why or how something happens, exists, or works. Problem and Solution- The author states one or more problems and list one or more possible solutions for the problem. May also describe a problem with the plusses and minuses of all solutions.

11. Description Text Structure Example Prologue In the opening pages of Lucky Man, I described a morning in Florida nineteen years ago when I woke up with a hangover and a twitching left pinky finger. In the intervening years, my life has seen many changes. Most mornings, for example, I awake to find my left pinky finger perfectly still -- it's the rest of my body that's shaking uncontrollably. Technically, my body is only fully at peace when my mind is completely at rest -- that is, asleep. Low brain activity means fewer neurons firing, or in my case, mis-firing. As I awaken, before my conscious mind really knows what's happening, my body has already gotten the news in the form of insistent neural instructions to twist, twitch, and contort. Any chance of slipping back into sleep is lost. View Michael J. Fox talking about life with Parkinson’s http://4.bp.blogspot.com/

12. Description Text Structure Signal Words For example Characteristics are Such as Looks like Consists of For instance Most important –Topic is repeated

13. Sequence Text Structure Example How To Prevent the Flu Step 1 Avoid sharing drinking and eating utensils with people who are sick. Step 2 Wash your hands before eating it really does help keep germs away. Step 3 Increase your vitamin C intake which may boost your immune system by eating ample amounts of fresh fruits and vegetables. Oranges, tomatoes and broccoli are good choices. Step 4 Drink at least eight glasses of water a day. Herbal teas and diluted fruit juices are good options for increasing your water intake. Step 5 Get enough sleep. Most people need at least 7 to 8 hours a night for optimal rest. Step 6 Manage your stress. Chronic stress can weaken the immune system. Step 7 Take a multivitamin every day to make sure you are getting enough vitamins and minerals. Step 8 Exercise regularly it's been shown to reduce the occurrence of colds and flu. From: http://www.ehow.com/http://www.ehow.com/

14. Sequence Text Structure Signal Words First, second, third Next Then, after Before, prior to While, meanwhile Following Finally At last In the end

15. Compare and Contrast Text Structure Example The Senate and the House of Representatives The government of the United States is made up of three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch and the judicial branch. The legislative branch, called Congress, is responsible for making laws. Congress is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. In this essay, you will learn the differences and similarities between these two houses of Congress. There are many differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Vice President of the United States is the head of the Senate. He must vote in The Senate if there is a tie. On the other hand, the House of Representatives’ leader is called the Speaker of the House. The representatives elect him or her. Another difference is that the Senate is made up of 100 senators, two from each state. The House of Representatives, however, is made up of 435 representatives. The number of representatives from each state is determined by that state’s population. The greater the population in a state, the more representatives that state will have in the House. A third difference is that senators are elected to six-year terms, while representatives are elected to serve two-year terms. Every two years, the nation holds an election for members of Congress. At that time, all members of the House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate are up for re-election. Although Congress is made up of two types of lawmakers, they must work together for the benefit of all Americans. ©2004 TIME For Kids. This page may be photocopied for use with students and teachers.

16. Text Structures- Signal Words Differs from Similar to In contrast Alike Same as Both Either, or

17. Cause and Effect Text Structure Example Why do the planets rotate around the sun? The basic reason why the planets revolve around, or orbit the sun, is that the gravity of the Sun keeps them in their orbits. Just as the Moon orbits the Earth because of the pull of Earth's gravity, the Earth orbits the Sun because of the pull of the Sun's gravity.

18. Cause and Effect Text Structure Signal Words Reasons why Reasons for If… then.. As a result of Therefore Because of In order to Finally Leads or leads to Effects of Result Outcome Impact

19. Problem and Solution Text Structure Examples Disembarkment syndrome Many sea travelers have to regain their “land legs” once they’re back on solid ground. Their limbs may feel wobbly for a few minutes, or the ground may seem to move beneath their feet. Sufferers of disembarkment syndromedisembarkment syndrome never escape this feeling. Long after they have disembarked, they feel constantly in motion or off-balance. The condition is usually brought on by traveling, particularly after long stretches of time on a boat (such as a cruise). Scientists say it occurs when the brain fails to re-adapt to land after adapting to the pitching and rolling of a boat. Treatment devices, such as vibrating vests and socks that help sufferers maintain their balance, are still in the prototype phase. For some people, driving and other types of motion tends to calm the rocking sensation. From Health.com- 20 Medical Mysteries

20. Text Structures- Signal Words Problem is.. Dilemma is.. Solved Question Answer Because Since This led to.. The main difficulty One challenge

21. Text Features Text Features help you find information quickly. Text Features give you information that will help you better understand the topic.

22. Text Features that help you find information quickly Unit 1 Introduction to Earth Science 2 Unit 2 Earth’s Resources 62 Unit 3 The Restless Earth 186 Unit 4 Reshaping the Land 274 Unit 5 Oceanography 370 Unit 6 Weather and Climate 444 Unit 7 Astronomy 550

23. CONNECTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY Mapping the Ocean Floor Oceanographers use topographic maps to map the topography of the ocean floor. Use the Internet or the library to find a topographic map of the ocean floor. How are maps of the ocean floor similar to maps of the continents? How are they different? Text Features give you information that will help you better understand the topic.

24. Harry Potter grabbing the snitch.