1. Chapter 14 Implementing & Controlling
Implementing Function
Motivation Theories
Controlling Function

2. Implementing Activities
Effective Communication - communication is an essential part of implementing work in business. Need to be able to communicate plans, gather feedback & identify and resolve communication problems.
Employee Motivation - motivation is the set of factors that cause a person to act in a certain way.
Work Teams - A group of individuals who cooperate to achieve a common goal.
Operations Management - employees need to be assigned to the appropriate tasks and scheduled to ensure that all work is completed on time.

3. Motivation Theories
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - The “best known theory”
Self Actualization
Self Esteem
Social
Security
Physiological

4. Motivation Theories (cont..)
McClellands Achievement Motivation - Claims that we have three basic needs
Achievement Need - employees take personal responsibility for their work, set personal goals and want feedback.
Affiliation Need - concerned about relationships with others and work to get along and fit in.
Power Need - want to influence and control others and to be responsible for a group’s activities.

5. Managing Change
The work force is becoming increasingly diverse. Managers need to realize that when employees fear loosing their job or are uncertain they will resist change.
Plan
Communicate
Involve
Educate
Support

6. Controlling Function
With the proper information, managers can tell how well activities are being performed.
Controlling determines whether goals are being met and what actions must be taken if they are not met.
Basic Steps
Establish Standards
Measure and Compare Performance to Standards
Take Corrective Actions

7. Standards
Standards are determined by managers in the planning stage. These standards become the means for judging the success and for applying controls.
Quantity Standards - specify the number of units to be produced by individual workers
Quality Standards - sampling assembly line products often may be enough to identify potential problems.
Time Standards - amount of time it takes to complete an activity has a direct effect on costs, quality & quantity
Cost Standards - an important measure of success. Businesses must be cost conscious at all times.

8. Controlling
Measuring & Comparing Performance - standards are the basis for achieving effective performance. When performance does not meet standards, corrective actions must be taken. Computers can be used to measure performance.
Taking Corrective Actions -
Take Steps to improve performance
Change policies and procedures
Revise the standards

9. Controlling Costs
All managers need to watch for areas where costs can be decreased.
Inventory - too high an inventory will increase storage and handling. Too low will cause the company to loose business.
Just In Time Inventory - inventory is kept at lowest possible levels. Materials arrive just as they are needed.
Credit - If customers do not pay their bills, the company looses money.
Theft - Retail stores are the hardest hit. Should establish theft controls.
Health & Safety - sickness or injury causes absenteeism. Other employees must be able to fill in. Should also train each employee on safety precautions.