1. Post it Pollutants are dangerous chemicals in the air are called pollutants. Name as many air pollutants as you can from last lesson. Extension: Circle those which could lead to acid rain

2. Hydrocarbons and fossil fuels To develop an understanding of how air pollutants are produced

3. Grade criteria Grade A* - Generate combustion reactions using balance symbol equations. Grade A – Summarise combustion reactions using word equations. Grade B – Explain how atoms are conserved during combustion reactions. Grade C – Identify hydrocarbons and fossil fuels by their molecular pictures Grade D –Define the terms ‘hydrocarbon’ and ‘fossil fuels’, giving examples of each

4. When a substance burns, it is said to combust. A fuel is a substance that reacts with oxygen (combusts) to release useful energy. Combustion, fuels and hydrocarbons Many fractions obtained from crude oil are used as fuels because they contain hydrocarbons that burn easily and release a large amount of useful energy. Combustion is a rapid reaction between a substance and oxygen that releases heat and light energy.

5. Hydrocarbons – What’s so good about them? Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only Can have different carbon chain lengths Length of the chain determines the use Crude oil is a mixture of lots and lots of different hydrocarbons.

6. What are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? Plenty of air is needed to provide enough oxygen for a hydrocarbon fuel to burn completely. oxygen carbon dioxide hydrocarbon ++  water The blue flame of a gas hob or a Bunsen burner is an example of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon (in this case, natural gas). Complete combustion of hydrocarbons

8. Do you think that combustion is as simple as: oxygen carbon dioxide hydrocarbon ++  water

10. Grade criteria Grade A* - Generate combustion reactions using balance symbol equations. Grade A – Summarise combustion reactions using word equations. Grade B – Explain how atoms are conserved during combustion reactions. Grade C – Identify hydrocarbons and fossil fuels by their molecular pictures Grade D –Define the terms ‘hydrocarbon’ and ‘fossil fuels’, giving examples of each

11. Plenary: Methane bubbles What is a hydrocarbon? Name an example Give a general word equation for combustion Name a product of incomplete combustion? How is it harmful? Balance the equation

12. Homework Complete pages 20 – 23/24/25

13. For each answer below write as many questions as you can think of I am the answer....So I am the Question Hydrocarbon Acid rain Nitrogen Monoxide Combustion Carbon Dioxide + Water Crude oil

14. Explain why crude oil is an invaluable resource Know the origins of crude oil Describe the process to separate crude oil Recognise the uses of the fractions of crude oil

15. What genre of chemicals do you get?

16. Hydrocarbons – What’s so good about them? Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only Can have different carbon chain lengths Length of the chain determines the use Crude oil is a mixture of lots and lots of different hydrocarbons.

17. Crude Oil

18. Microscopic plants and animals die and fall to the sea bed Layers of sand and mud form on top Pressure and high temperature cause oil to form How crude oil was formed Oil obtained by drilling

19. Explain why crude oil is an invaluable resource Know the origins of crude oil Describe the process to separate crude oil Recognise the uses of the fractions of crude oil

20. Heated Crude Oil 350 o C 40 o C FractionBoiling pt. < 25 o C 25 – 60 o C 60 – 180 o C 180 – 220 o C 220 – 250 o C 250 – 300 o C 300 – 350 o C > 350 o C Average number of C atoms in chain 3 8 10 12 20 40 80 120 The Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil Refinery gas Petrol Naptha Kerosine Diesel oil Fuel oil Lubricating oil Bitumen

21. Explain why crude oil is an invaluable resource Know the origins of crude oil Describe the process to separate crude oil Recognise the uses of the fractions of crude oil

22. The Molymod challenge Rules Carbon atoms always make 4 bonds Hydrogen atoms are smaller Hydrogen atoms can only make one bond Make the molecule methane (1 Carbon to 4 Hydrogens) Make the molecule propane (3 carbons to ? Hydrogens) Make the molecule hexane (? Carbons to 14 Hydrogens)

23. Match the hydrocarbon to its properties

25. carbon monoxide carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide nitrogen monoxide nitrogen dioxide water (hydrogen oxide) formulaCOSO 2 carbon atoms 1 sulfur atoms nitrogen atoms hydrogen atoms oxygen atoms 1 Extension: what is the word equation for combustion?