1. Republican Era
A07
7.10.3

3. TOPIC OUTLINE A. Republican America in the early 1800s
1. Religion: Beginnings of the Second Great Awakening
2. Women: Republican motherhood & education for women
3. Cultural Nationalism
4. Stirrings of Industry
B. Jefferson's Presidency (and Madison’s)
1. Jefferson & the National Government
2. The Courts and Marbury
3. Louisiana
4. Foreign Affairs: Troubles at Sea
5. Expansion into the trans-Appalachian West & Indian resistance
C. War of 1812 and its consequences

4. Guiding Question
To what extent were developments during the period consistent with the vision of Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans, as opposed to the vision of Hamilton and the Federalists?

5. Competing Visions for America
REPUBLICAN/JEFFERSON VISION
FEDERALIST (HAMILTON) VISION
Government
Constitution
Economy
Foreign Policy
Religion
Culture

6. National Development in the Early Republic
A. AMERICA IN 1800
National Development
in the Early Republic

7. 1. BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRY
Samuel Slater
Eli Whitney
cotton gin
interchangeable parts
Robert Fulton
The Clermont (1807)
Turnpikes
The Cotton Gin (National Archives)

8. Distribution of slave population 1790-1820

9. Population density: 1790 & 1820

10. 2. RELIGION: BEGINNINGS OF THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING
Deism
Unitarianism
Second Great Awakening ( s)
camp meetings
Charles Finney
John Wesley
“burned over district’
The Second Great Awakening,
Henretta, America’s History 5e from

11. Growth of American Methodism 1775-1850

12. 3. RISE OF CULTURAL NATIONALISM
Education? - the “virtuous citizen”
Distinctively American literature?
James Fennimore Cooper
Washington Irving
Noah Webster
Blue-Backed Speller Books
Washington Irving (Portrait Gallery)

13. 4. WOMEN
Republican Motherhood
education

14. B. JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY

15. The Election of 1800
Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;

16. Election of 1800

17. Election of 1800 Jefferson vs. Burr in House of Representatives
First Peaceful Turnover of Power
Twelfth Amendment (1804)
Hamilton-Burr duel (1804) >>
Decline of Federalists
Divine, America Past & Present

18. Thomas Jefferson Well over 6 feet tall Not a good public speaker.
One of the greatest writers among U.S. Presidents
A renaissance man
Incredibly well-read in science and philosophy
Continental Congress;
assemblyman;
Gov. of Virginia.;
Author of Dec. of Independence;
Min. to France;
Sec. of State;
Vice Pres.

19. Jefferson & National Gov’t
Views on government
strict constructionism
major functions
Alien & Sedition Acts
Army & Navy
Public spending
federal debt
Excise tax on whiskey
rest of Hamilton’s program?
simplicity as President
Pageant 13e
Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1805
Collection of The New-York Historical Society

20. 2. Struggle Over the Courts
Judiciary Act of 1801
“Midnight appointments”
John Marshall (Ch. Justice )
Marbury vs. Madison (1803)
Judiciary Act of 1789
judicial review
significance
John Marshall

21. 3. Louisiana Purchase
The Problem: right of deposit, Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)
Divine, America Past & Present 7e

22. 3. Louisiana Purchase Problem Deal Dilemma Opposition Impact
Henretta, America’s History 5e from

23. America: Pathways to the Present

24. America: Pathways to the Present

25. Louisiana Purchase Treaty

26. Map of the West 1802 Map of the West 1802

27. Lewis and Clark 1804-1806 Purposes: Explore new territory
Claim to Oregon
political & trade relations with Indians

28. 4. TROUBLES AT SEA Significance of American Shipping Barbary pirates
Divine, America Past & Present

29. 4. TROUBLES AT SEA Napoleanic wars (1803-1814) Impressment
British Orders in Council (blockade)
Napolean’s Continental System
Impressment
< 6000 US sailors
Chesapeake Affair (1807)
Embargo Act of 1807
“Peaceable Coercion”
Why not war?
Who opposes?
Manning the Navy, English engraving showing the impressment of American sailors
The impressment of sailors into the British navy from American ships was one of the more prominent causes of the War of This 1790 engraving shows an American sailor being seized at gunpoint while those who might try to assist him are elbowed aside. (Library of Congress) [Pageant 13e]
Manning the Navy, English engraving showing the impressment of American sailors (Library of Congress)

30. American Export Trade, 1790–1815
4. TROUBLES AT SEA
Embargo Act of 1807 ( )
Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
Effect on Britain?
Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)
Chart: Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;
Cartoon: Steere, Independent School
American Export Trade, 1790–1815

32. James Madison President 1809-1817 Dolley Madison (Portrait Gallery)
Description: James Madison. Stuart, Gilbert, , artist. Credit: Library of Congress [ Pojer];
Dolley Madison:
Dolley Madison (Portrait Gallery)

33. 5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS
Trans-Appalacian settlement
Population density
(Tecumseh: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, FMNH Neg. #A93851)

34. C. WAR OF 1812
America's
Second War for
Independence?

35. 5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS
Native America,
5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS
Trans-Appalacian settlement
Tenskwatawa (the Prophet)
Tecumseh
Role of Britain?
William Henry Harrison
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)
Pageant 13e;
(Tecumseh: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, FMNH Neg. #A93851)

36. Presidential Election of 1812
Pojer

37. War of 1812 - Causes War of 1812 (1812-1815) “War Hawks”
Henry Clay (KY)
John Calhoun (SC)
Reasons US declared war
1) Impressment of sailors
2) Conflicts with Indians
3) Desire for expansion
“Mr. Madison’s War”
Henry Clay

38. War of 1812 - Fighting York (Toronto) (1813)
Battle of Lake Erie (summer 1813)
Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry
Battle of Thames (Oct 1813)
Wm Henry Harrison
Horseshoe Bend (March 1814)
Andrew Jackson
Plattsburg (Sept 11, 1814)
Key battle of war
Attack on Washington (Aug 1814)
Baltimore – Ft. McHenry
“Star Spangled Banner” (1814)
Francis Scott Key
Battle of New Orleans (Jan 1815)
“Hero of New Orleans”
Divine, America Past & Present

39. Oliver Hazard Perry At Battle Of Put-In-Bay, Sept. 1813

40. The burning of the Capitol
Description: The burning of the Capitol. Mural by Allyn Cox.

41. The Battle of New Orleans. January 1815
Description: The Battle of New Orleans. January Copy of engraving by H.B. Hall after W. Momberger. Keywords: War of 1812 Credit: National Archives and Records Administration

42. War of 1812: Results Opposition to War Hartford Convention
(Dec 1814)
Treaty of Ghent
(Dec 24, 1814)
Attacking the Federalists (Library of Congress)brinkley 10th ed
Description: Signing of Treaty of Ghent with Great Britain, December 24, [Pojer]

43. Results of the War of 1812 Draw militarily
Small War and insignificant in military terms.
Important consequences for the U.S.:
Winners: War Hawks (favoring western expansion, national improvements, trade); Republicans, Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison
Losers: Indians, Federalists
New Spirit of nationalism (Era of Good Feelings)
Paranoia about Britain died away (“Second War for Independence”)
Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
End of involvement in Europe for next 100 years.
America looks inward

44. Jackson’s Florida Campaigns
[Pojer]

45. Jefferson in 1821

46. Auction of Monticello, 1827

47. East Front of Monticello, ca. 1870 (University of Virginia)
East Front of Monticello, ca (University of Virginia)

48. Monticello today

49. Monticello today

50. Monticello Today

51. Sources http://www.monticello.org/
Brinkley, American History: A Survey (10th ed)