1. Fragments
Identify and Correct

2. What is a Fragment?
Every sentence must have a subject and a verb and express a complete thought.
A phrase that lacks a subject or a verb and does not express a complete thought is a fragment.

3. Four Types of Fragments
Dependent Clause Fragments
“ing” Fragments
Added-detail Fragments
Missing Subject/Verb Fragments

4. Dependent Clause Fragments
Some dependent clauses are fragments.
Whenever you start a sentence with a dependent word, you create a dependent clause.

5. Dependent Words After, although, as, Even though, because,
Before, how, if, even if,
In order to, since, unless,
Until, what, whatever,
When, whenever,
Where, wherever,
While, who, whose,
Just as

6. Dependent Clause Fragments
After I cashed my check. I treated myself to dinner.
I will not leave the house. Until I hear from you.
When I spray deodorant. My cat arches her back.
If Kim does not say good-bye. Her boyfriend will be upset.
Before I turn on the oven. I have to clean it.
Since he joined the class. The study group meets often.

7. Corrected DC Fragments
After I cashed my check, I treated myself to dinner.
I will not leave the house until I hear from you.
When I spray deodorant, my cat arches her back.
If Kim does not say good-bye, her boyfriend will be upset.
Before I turn on the oven, I have to clean it.
Since he joined the class, the study group meets often.

8. “Ing” Fragments
When “ing” appears at the beginning of a phrase, you may create a fragment.
An “ing” phrase is a dependent clause.

9. “Ing” Fragments
Ellen walked for ten hours yesterday. Trying to find her dog.
We sat back to watch the movie. Not expecting anything special.
Stepping hard on the gas. Stan tried to beat the truck to the intersection.
Jerome sat quietly at his desk. Fantasizing about the weekend.

10. Corrected “ing” Fragments
Ellen walked for ten hours yesterday, trying to find her dog.
We sat back to watch the movie, not expecting anything special.
Stepping hard on the gas, Stan tried to beat the truck to the intersection.
Jerome sat quietly at his desk, fantasizing about the weekend.

11. Added-detail Fragments
When you attach a detail to the end of sentence, this is called an added-detail.
An added detail is not a complete thought.

12. Added-details especially like including such as also for example
except
which

13. Added-detail Fragments
My mother likes watching day-time television. Especially old movies and soap operas.
Before a race, I eat starchy foods. Such as bread and spaghetti.
My son keeps several pets in his room. Including hamsters and mice.
Left-handed students face problems. For example, right-handed desks.

14. Corrected AD Fragments
My mother likes watching day-time television, especially old movies and soap operas.
Before a race, I eat starchy foods, such as bread and spaghetti.
My son keeps several pets in his room, including hamsters and mice.
Left-handed students face problems. For example, they must sit at right-handed desks.

15. Missing Subject/Verb Fragments
When you write a sentence missing a subject or verb, you create a fragment.

16. Missing Subject/Verb Fragments
Alicia loved getting wedding presents. But hated writing thank-you notes.
Mickey has orange soda and chips for breakfast. Then eats more junk food for lunch.
Last semester I took six courses. And worked part-time at Wal-Mart.
Studying can increase your grade. And can even give you confidence during class.

17. Corrected SV Fragments
Alicia loved getting wedding presents but hated writing thank-you notes.
Mickey has orange soda and chips for breakfast. Then, he eats more junk food for lunch.
Last semester I took six courses and worked part-time at Wal-Mart.
Studying can increase your grade, and it can even give you confidence during class.

18. Fragments