1. Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy THEME: INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY AND MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION. SOLID MEDICAL FORMS. Anton Levykh

2. Prescription is a part of pharmacology. It is divided into pharmaceutical prescription which studies rules of drugs’ production and medical prescription that studies the rules of prescription writing. Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Prescription is a written proposition of physician for pharmacist to produce and/or sale a certain drug. It is a written formula for the preparation and its administration. Also prescription is a juridical document.

3. Structure of the prescription (1):  Inscription – Inscriptio Contains name of medical establishment, stamp of the establishment  DateDatum  Date - Datum The date of making a prescription. It has a juridical and special meaning  Surname and initials of the patientNomen aegroti  Surname and initials of the patient – Nomen aegroti With the indicating of age (for children younger 18 and patients older than 65)  Surname and initials of the doctor – Nomen medici Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy

4. Structure of the prescription (2):  Prepositio – Recipe Consisting of the word recipe (take) or its sign. “Rp.:”  Inscription - Designatio materiarum Is the main part of the prescription, containing the names and amounts of the drugs ordered. Each drug substance is written in own line from capital letter, in genitive case, and in Latin. Words cannot to be shortened and broke. Doses are written by figures. If ingredient is only one then prescription is simple, if many – complex. Drug substances are divided according to their importance:   Remedium cardinale (s. basis) – drug substance which carries the main treating effect;   Remedium adjuvants are the substances with additive action;   Remedium constituens – shape-making substance. Constituens must be indifferent (non-active)   Remedium corrigens – substances improving taste, smell, type. Typical corrigens – sugar, ether oils, syrups Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy

5. Structure of the prescription (3):  Subscription – Subscriptio Direction to the pharmacist describing the manner of preparation of the drugs. For different medical forms subscription will be different:  for powders – Misce, fiat pulvis;  for suppositories – Misce, fiat suppositorium:  for ointments – Misce, fiat unguentum;  for dosed medical forms – Da tales doses;  for non-dosed – Da Also the form of medical substance is written here: in tabulettis, in capsulis gelatinosis, in ampullis etc.  Signature – Signatura Directions to the patient with indication of the manner of taking; For example: take 1 tablet 3 times a day after meal Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy

6. Prescription in special cases. Narcotic substances and other similar substances. Special blanks for strict accounting are done for this purpose. Those blanks have serial number. They are covered by pink drawing and proved by stamp of hospital and signature of its head. During emergency prescription of a drug we write “cito!”, quickly in upper left corner. Prescription in special cases. Narcotic substances and other similar substances. Special blanks for strict accounting are done for this purpose. Those blanks have serial number. They are covered by pink drawing and proved by stamp of hospital and signature of its head. During emergency prescription of a drug we write “cito!”, quickly in upper left corner. Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Dose Dose – is a quantity of the drug substance that can be expressed in milliliters, grams, and international units. There are doses – single, daily, curative, and minimal, median or maximal therapeutic. distributive way Prescription can indicate single (for one time) dose of agent and its quantity. It is distributive way of prescribing. Tablets, powders, etc are prescribed in this way. During divisive way we prescribe summary dose and patient has to divide it on single doses before using, e.g., mixtures, decoctions.

7. Magisterial prescription – prescription that is complied by pharmacist. Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Officinal prescription – prescriptions of already produced drug substances

8. SOLID MEDICINAL FORMS (1) Powder (pulvis) –. Powder (pulvis) – is a homogenous dispersion of finely divided, relatively dry, particulate matter consisting of one (simple) or more (complex) substances. Simple nondivided powder: Rp: Anaesthesini 25.0 D.S. Apply on the injured part of skin D.S. Apply on the injured part of skin# Complex nondivided powder: Rp: Calcii carbonatis 15.0 Natrii hydrocarbonatis 20.0 Natrii hydrocarbonatis 20.0 M. f. pulv. M. f. pulv. D. t. D. N 6 D. t. D. N 6 S. Take 1 powder orally during heartburn. S. Take 1 powder orally during heartburn. Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy

9. SOLID MEDICINAL FORMS (1)  Aspersion (Aspersio) – if the medicinal substance is only a part of the complex powder for making aspersion and all other parts of this powder are inert substances so powder could be prescribed in a short form. Rp: Aspertionis Acidi salicylici 2% - 100.0 D.S. For sprinkling on the affected area. # Rp: Acidi salicylici 2.0 Talci ad 100.0 Misce fiat pulvis D. S. For sprinkling on the affected area # Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy

10. SOLID MEDICINAL FORMS (1) Its weight is limited 0.1 – 0.5 g, optimal weight is equal 0.3 g. If basis weight is less 0.1 g, indifferent form-making substance such as sugar (Saccharum), glucose (Glucosum) are added. Its weight is limited 0.1 – 0.5 g, optimal weight is equal 0.3 g. If basis weight is less 0.1 g, indifferent form-making substance such as sugar (Saccharum), glucose (Glucosum) are added. Rp: Platyphyllini hydrotartratis 0.005 Rp: Platyphyllini hydrotartratis 0.005 Sacchari 0.3 Sacchari 0.3 Misce fiat pulvis Misce fiat pulvis Da tales doses N 6 Da tales doses N 6 S. 1 power 3 times a day. S. 1 power 3 times a day.# Rp: Pancreatini 0.5 Rp: Pancreatini 0.5 D. t. d. N 6 D. t. d. N 6 S. Take 1 powder orally in S. Take 1 powder orally in chronic pancreatitis. # Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy

11.  Capsule (capsula, caps.) – is a solid dosed form in which the drug is enclosed in either a hard or soft soluble container or suitable form of gelatin. Capsule remove probable unfavorable taste, smell; prevent from irritation of oral cavity and stomach mucosa, and drug’s inactivation by stomach juice. Rp: Chinini sulfatis 0.2 Rp: Chinini sulfatis 0.2 D. t. d. N 10 in capsulis gelatinosis D. t. d. N 10 in capsulis gelatinosis S. By 1 capsule once a day. S. By 1 capsule once a day. # Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy SOLID MEDICINAL FORMS (2)

12.  Tablet (tabuletta, tab) is a solid dosed form containing medicinal substances; it may vary in shape, size, weight. Tablets may be complex and simple according to amount of active substances. They always have inactive ingredients, but physician doesn’t consider them. Rp: Tab. Reserpini 0.00025 N50 Rp: Tab. Reserpini 0.00025 N50 D.S. By 1 tablet 3 times a day. D.S. By 1 tablet 3 times a day. # Rp: Acidi acetylsalicylici # Rp: Acidi acetylsalicylici Rp: Reserpini 0.00025 Phenacetini ãã 0.25 Rp: Reserpini 0.00025 Phenacetini ãã 0.25 D. t. d. N50 in tabulettis Coffeinum-natrii D. t. d. N50 in tabulettis Coffeinum-natrii S. By 1 tablet 3 times a day benzoatis 0.1 S. By 1 tablet 3 times a day benzoatis 0.1 # D. t. d. N50 in tabulettis # D. t. d. N50 in tabulettis S. 1 tablet 3 times a day to treat headache S. 1 tablet 3 times a day to treat headache Ana, ãã or both means that ingredients have similar mass Ana, ãã or both means that ingredients have similar mass Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy SOLID MEDICINAL FORMS (3)

13.  Dragee (dragee) – is a solid dosed form. It is a sugar- coated small globular mass of some coherent but soluble substance to be swallowed. Consecutive tracing of drug substances produces it. Rules of dragee prescription are the same as for tablets. Rp: Dragee Acidi ascobinici 0.05 N10 Rp: Dragee Acidi ascobinici 0.05 N10 D.S. Take orally by 1 dragee D.S. Take orally by 1 dragee 3 times a day. 3 times a day. # Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy SOLID MEDICINAL FORMS (4)