1. János Fügedi Comparing Methods of Digitizing 16 mm Archive Films

2. Traditional Dance Archive of the Institute for Musicology approx. 240.000 m 16 mm films = approx. 450 hours meterhour mute 125.000265 sound 115.000175 (8 mm) 10.000

3. Digitizing films againstfor - durability of digital media is uncertain (that of film is unknown either) - quality loss at analog/digital conversion - (extreme) high costs - huge storage capacity needed - enhance security (films deteriorate by time stretch brake acetic fermentation) - strong social pressure for availability - „forbidden” reverse films, films only in negative get available - fast access - possibility of on-line databases - extra registry

4. Standardised Practices for Audiovisual Contents in Europe How to digitize films? PrestoSpace ( BBC, ORF, Ina France, RAI,... 36 members) A survey on High expectations from the part of Film Archives Expected quality

5. Formats SD SDI = Standard Definition Serial Digital Interface 270 Mbit/s (Digital Beta) 143 Mbit/s (NTSC - 480i ) 177 Mbit/s (PAL - 576i) bitrates frame: 720x576 pixels color space: 4:2:2 - representing RGB Y - brightness (luma) Cb, Cr - color difference color depth: 8 - bit/pixel/space component („uncompressed”) How to digitize films? 1 frame = 1.2 MB

6. Formats HD SDI = High Definition Serial Digital Interface 1.485 Gbit /s - HDTV (720p, 1080i) bitrates 3G SDI 2.9705 Gbit /s - „true HD” (1080p) bitrates 1920x1080 pixel 4:4:4 color space 10 bit color depth 1 frame = 7.8 MB How to digitize films? however...

7. Film Scanning frame by frame 2k 2048x1536 pixels 1 frame = 12 MB 1 frame = 47 MB 1 frame = 106 MB 1 frame = 188 MB suitable for 16 mm Formats How to digitize films? Dynamic range of film (even 16 mm) is still wider than that of SDI representation 4k 4096x3072 6k 6144x4608 8k 8192x6144 result can be written back to film Film industry introduced

8. Methods, equipments Easy ”home” solution: shooting the screen of the editing table How to digitize films?

9. Advance ”home” solutions: video camera and film projector assembled projection directly to CCD How to digitize films? Methods, equipments

10. Advance ”home” solutions: film projector assembled to a 45 o mirror system (+ Fresnel lense) How to digitize films? Methods, equipments

11. CCD scanner Flying spot scanner scanning lines inverted CRT concept of scanning Professional solution: telecine “white” light through film a prism separates the image into the three primary colors colored light is projected at a different CCD CCD converts the light into electrical impulses dichroic mirrors redgreen blue CRT photon beam How to digitize films? Methods, equipments transferring motion picture film into video form (SD SDI, HD SDI) = tele (vision) + cine (ma)

12. „Easy”, half-professional solution: small telecine machines (Tobin Cinema system) How to digitize films? Methods, equipments

13. Professional solution: telecine machines da Vinci system color correction for telecine Methods, equipments How to digitize films? MTV Archiving Department Beta SP Digital Beta

14. Methods, equipments Professional solution: film scanners Single frame intermitten pull down approx. 1 fps Continuous motion scanning 2-30 fps NorthlightLasergraphics Thomson Cintel How to digitize films? Comparing methods

15. shooting the the editing table’s screen DV AVI from a JVC 3x1/2” CCD camera (presentation WMV) (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

16. Comparing methods camera and projector assembled – „directly” to CCD DV AVI from Panasonic 3x1/3” CCD handycam (presentation WMV) (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

17. Comparing methods editing table recording compared to CCD DV AVI from cameras (presentation WMV) (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

18. Comparing methods telecine – MTV telecined DV AVI via da Vinci (presentation WMV) (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

19. Comparing methods telecine – Filmlabor telecined DV AVI via da Vinci (presentation WMV) (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

20. Comparing methods telecine – MTV–Filmlabor compared telecined DV AVI via da Vinci (presentation WMV) (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

21. Comparing methods telecine – Filmlabor TARGA sequence DV AVI from animated TARGA sequence (presentation WMV) (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

22. Comparing methods Filmlabor TARGA – „projected to CCD” compared different source DV AVI (presentation WMV) (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

23. Comparing methods Oberon 2k scanned TARGA sequence DV AVI from scanned TARGA sequence (presentation WMV) (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

24. Comparing methods Filmlabor TARGA – Oberon 2k scanned compared DV AVI (presentation WMV) (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

25. Comparing methods DV AVI (presentation WMV) Filmlabor TARGA – Oberon 2k scanned compared (In this Internet version of the presentation the film clips are not available.

26. 2k scanned single frame SD Telecine TGA single frame detail compared Comparing methods

27. SD Telecine TGA single frame2k scanned single frame (1600%)(880%) price0.01 Eur/frame0.10 Eur/frame storage1.2 MB/frame12 MB/frame Comparing methods

28. Thank you for your attention!