1. 4k – the technical details

2. 4k or UHD Ultra High Definition (UHD) is 3840x2160 pixels
4k (digital cinema definition) is 4096x2160 pixels
UHD is often called 4k

3. 8’
84” UHD
50” HD
26” SD

4. Picture improvements
Picture specifications for HD (Rec. 709) is based on CRT TVs
Opportunity to improve picture parameters
Larger color space (Rec 2020, XYZ)
Greater dynamic range
More details in the highlights, darker shadows
Brighter screens for better color display
12 bits
vs. 8 bit for Blu-ray and broadcast TV
Higher frame rates
48 fps or 60 fps for high frame rate movies
100 fps or 120 fps sports broadcast

5. Acquiring 4k content – features and episodic
Camera Type
Maximum Resolution
Comments
In use?
4k?
35mm Film
Scanned at 4k
Most features and all episodic that are shot on film
Yes
65mm Film
Scanned at 6k
“Lawrence of Arabia” No
35mm CCD Digital Cinema Cameras
1920x1080
Sony F35, Genesis (2005)
Arri Alexa
2880x1620 or 2880×2160 depending on format
CMOS RAW or ProRes
Red Epic
“5k”
CMOS RAW
Sony F55
4096x2160
CMOS RAW or XAVC
Sony F65
Normally 4096x2160, 8192x2160 possible
Producing 4k requires an end-to-end 4k workflow including a 4k projector or display

6. Not all 4k is created equal
Sony F65
2048 red pixels
4096 green pixels
2048 blue pixels
Red Epic
1280 red pixels
2560 green pixels
1280 blue pixels
Arri Alexa 720 red pixels
1440 green pixels
720 blue pixels
UHD TV Panel
3840 red pixels
3840 green pixels
3840 blue pixels
Bayer pattern and CMOS RAW

7. Delivering 4k to the consumer
Compressed files are bigger than HD but not 4 times larger
4k adds high frequency detail, affect on encoding depends on content
Files for SNE service are 2-3 times size of HD files
4k delivery becomes (more) practical with HEVC (H.265) codec
Perhaps 35-40% more efficient
Expect to see hardware decoders in 2014
Sony Pictures is requiring significantly better content protection than for HD
Movielabs’ Enhanced Content Protection Specifications
HDCP 2.2 protecting the HDMI link to the TV
Sony TVs have HDCP 2.2, other 4k TVs do not
HDCP 1.4 security is compromised

8. Availability of 4k in the consumer market
Sony shipped server loaded 11 4k movies with the 84” 4k TV in late 2012
Sony 4k Video Unlimited service launched 1st September
Preload and download 4k movies and TV shows
We expect Netflix to offer a 4k streaming service next year using HEVC
Will need a lot of bandwidth to the consumer
Sky and Sky Deutschland are experimenting with shooting sports in 4k
“Mastered in 4k” Blu-ray discs were shot and finished in 4k and then downscaled to HD
HD benefits from over sampling
If there is to be a 4k Blu-ray, it will likely be 2015

9. Thank you