1. The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities

2. Indicators What religious diversity and tolerance existed in the Middle colonies? How was slavery viewed in the Middle Colonies?

3. Quakers *Believed that people of different beliefs could live together in harmony *Helped create a climate of tolerance and acceptance in the middle colonies of: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

4. The Middle Colonies *Attracted Dutch and German farmers *Used advanced farming techniques *Grew cash crops of fruits, vegetables and above all,grain *Nicknamed the “Breadbasket”

5. Gristmills At a gristmill, corn, wheat, rye, and other grains, were turned into flour or meal which could be later turned into bread, or be sold at market.

6. Large Cities Because of the thriving export market, large port cities like New York and Philadelphia quickly grew in the early 1700s, exporting flour, bread, furs, and whale oil. *Philadelphia became the largest city!

7. Immigrants Middle Colony port towns attracted many German immigrants. Some of these immigrants were artisans: ***Gunsmiths (long rifle) ***Ironworkers ***glass *** furniture ***kitchenware

8. German Influence Germans built Conestoga wagons to carry their produce to town. Other German Influences: *Kindergarten *Christmas Tree *Hamburger *Frankfurt

9. Tolerance Because of the large number of Dutch in New York, and Quakers in Pennsylvania, the middle colonies had a climate of tolerance.

10. Native-Americans “I am very sensible to the unkindness and injustice which have been too much exercised toward you by the people of these parts of the world… I have a great love and regard toward you, and desire to win and gain your love and friendship by a kind, just and peaceable life; and the people I send are of the same mind.” -Letter from William Penn to Native Americans 1681

11. Slavery in the Middle Colonies The tolerant attitude of the Middle Colonies did not prevent about 7% of the population from being enslaved. This situation occasionally lead to violence: Rebellions &competition for jobs!

12. Quakers & Slavery The Quakers were the first group to speak out against slavery and condemn it! It was seen as immoral and against Christian principles Published anti-slavery petitions and statements

13. FOR UNDERSTANDING

14. Dutch and German farmers of the Middle Colonies used advanced farming techniques to grow cash crops of fruits, vegetables and______. 1) tobacco 2) grain 3) livestock 4) dairy products

15. At a ______, corn, wheat, rye, and other grains, were turned into flour or meal. 1) factory 2) warehouse 3) gristmill 4) silo

16. Because of the growing export market, large port cities like ______quickly grew in the early 1700s, exporting flour, bread, furs, and______. 1) Jamestown and Philadelphia, cattle 2) Philadelphia and Charleston, slaves 3) New York and Philadelphia, whale oil 4) New York and Boston, lumber

17. Many German immigrants were ______ who created ______that would later form the basis of the factory system. 1) artisans, cottages 2) artists, cottage industries 3) artisans, manufacturing centers. 4) artisans, cottage industries

18. The tolerant attitude of the Middle Colonies did not prevent about ______ of the population from being enslaved. 1) 40%. 2) 17% 3) 13%. 4) 7%

19. Germans built ______ to carry their produce to town. 1) trebuchets 2) chuckwagons 3) Conestoga wagons 4) carts

20. Because of the large number of ______ in New York, and ______ in Pennsylvania, the Middle Colonies had a climate of tolerance. 1) Dutch, Quakers 2) Dutch, Puritans 3) Germans, Quakers 4) Germans, Puritans

21. The ____________ had a relatively tolerant attitude toward various European immigrant groups. 1) Backcountry 2) New England Colonies 3) Southern Colonies 4) Middle Colonies

22. Middle Colony port towns during the 1700s attracted many ______ immigrants. 1) Polish 2) German 3) Chinese 4) Spanish