1. Johann Pestalozzi By: Mike Ehnot, Ashley Parker, Sam Hallock and Ashlee Brown

2. Background Information… Was a Swiss educator Full name was Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Born on January 12, 1746 and died February 17, 1827 -Did not enter school until he was 9 -Interesting fact: His elementary school record was not impressive because of his tendency to day dream

3. Background Info. Continued… Pestalozzi entered and completed most of his studies at the University of Zurich Began as a student for the Ministry, but his shyness led him away from theology into law

4. After college… In 1775 he began a social experiment in which he hoped to make his newly purchased farm a center of humanistic activity Took in a group of orphans and abandoned children He used teaching methods that he learned from experiences with his son Jacobi The instruction he gave these children were very successful Five years later he went bankrupt and began to write

5. “How Gertrude Teaches Her Children” A book written by Pestalozzi Describes his philosophy: - stated that teachers must study child development - learning proceeds through stages, with children needing to master skills and knowledge before moving to the next stage - promoted the “whole child” point of view- that children’s physical, emotional, social, moral and intellectual development are integrated and united - called these the “the hand, heart and head”

6. Other important ideas of Pestalozzi… Believed that all children- including the ones who lived in poverty- could benefit from education Children need to discover ideas for themselves through their own activity Rejected punishment as a motivator and felt that instead children are motivated to learn by their interests Viewed development as a natural unfolding or blossoming fro within, with teachers acting as gardeners who nurture the process rather than direct it

7. Methodology METHODOLOGY. The following are the chief points of Pestalozzi's method: a. Child Centered. b. Direct Experience. The teacher must never teach by words when a child can see, hear or touch an object for himself. Nature can teach the child better than man can. c. Activity. The child is expected to be continually active in seeing for himself, making and correcting mistakes, describing his observations, analyzing objects and satisfying his natural curiosity. d. Induction. The child must observe, learn to express his impressions of concrete objects perceived by the senses and must learn to formulate new generalizations for himself. e. No Books. Early elementary education needs direct and concrete experience rather than books. In this way the child proceeds from the concrete to the abstract. f. Simplify All Subjects. All subjects are reduced to their simple elements. The child proceeds, through experiencing the simple parts, to formulate more abstract generalizations.

8. Impact of his work… Ideas directly influenced schools for young children in the 19 th century A well-known school influenced by Pestalozzi was founded by Robert Owen The superintendent of schools in Oswego, New York, Dr. Edward A. Sheldon, imported the materials developed in England and Canada from Pestalozzi. This led to the establishment of a teacher normal school to prepare teachers in the application of Pestalozzi's method. The Normal School at Oswego (established in 1861), became the center of Pestalozzi education in the United States.

9. Works Cited Bredekamp, Sue. Effective Practices in Early Childhood Education: Building a Foundation. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Print. "PESTALOZZI." Http://harvest.cals.ncsu.edu. NC State University. Web. 06 Feb. 2012..