1. According to the film, mass-market electric cars were killed off by a combination of industry, government, and consumer factors. The guilty parties were…. 2006 video documentary:

2. Who Killed the Electric Car? The verdict, according to the film: US consumers - GUILTY Oil companies - GUILTY Car companies - GUILTY US government - GUILTY California Air Resources Board - GUILTY Hydrogen fuel cell – GUILTY Only Batteries were NOT GUILTY But what happened with electric cars since 2006? Was the electric car really dead?

4. REVENGE OF THE ELECTRIC CAR follows four entrepreneurs from 2007 through the end of 2010 as they fight to bring the electric car back to the world market in the midst of a global recession. Protagonists: Bob Lutz from General Motors Elon Musk from Tesla Motors Carlos Ghosn from Renault-Nissan Greg Abbott, an independent electric car converter from California

5. REVENGE OF THE ELECTRIC CAR documents the rise from 2007-2010 of a new generation of electric cars, including the Chevrolet Volt, the Nissan Leaf, and the Tesla Roadster demonstrates the potential commercial viability of electric vehicles now and in the future

6. Link to Brock library online version http://proxy.library.brocku.ca/login?url=http://MEDIA2.CRITERIONP IC.COM/display/006?T=MON1717

7. REBIRTH OF THE ELECTRIC CAR?

8. WHAT ARE THE CONTENDERS? Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) Equipped with two motors: electric (battery powered) and internal combustion (gasoline or diesel powered) Several types: Serial HEVs (use chemical fuel generator to charge batteries) Parallel HEVs: Mild, Full, Plug-in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

9. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) e.g. Honda Insight, Honda Civic Hybrid, Saturn Vue Hybrid e.g. Toyota Prius e.g. Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, Chevy Volt, Ford C-Max Energi WHAT ARE THE CONTENDERS?

10. U.S. Hybrid Vehicle Fleet Largest in world (over 3.116 million as of Oct 2014) 1 1 Passed 3 million vehicles in October 2013 Market leader: Toyota Prius family (50% of all hybrid sales as of December 2013 11 http://insideevs.com/monthly-plug-in-sales-scorecard/http://insideevs.com/monthly-plug-in-sales-scorecard 2 Source: Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz, 2013 2

11. Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz, 2013

12. Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs): Trend of sales by HEV models from 1999-2010Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs): Trend of sales by HEV models from 1999-2010. December 2012 DashboardDecember 2012 Dashboard. HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates Yearly hybrid vehicle sales in the United States between 1999 and 2013 Hybrid sales: Increasing trend from 1999-2013 Hybrids now comprise 1.45% of total car sales since 1999 3.19% of total car sales in 2013 Proportion likely to increase with improvements in range, battery life, affordability, and increasing fossil fuel costs

13. WHAT ARE THE CONTENDERS? The prospects as of Fall 2014… Slow recharge at home (3 – 8 hours charging time per 100km range) Quick charging stations (10 – 30 min per 100 km range) BEVs (Battery electric vehicles) Use batteries to store electricity, and electric motor to propel vehicle. Charging options:

14. WHAT ARE THE CONTENDERS? The prospects as of Fall 2014… Much better electric-only range than plug-in hybrids (130 – 425 km versus 18 – 20 km) still have a lower total range than HEVs, and need 30 minutes – several hours for full recharge Some examples currently or soon in production: (range / cost $US) Nissan Leaf Tesla Model S smart EV 120 km / $35,000 426 km / $65 - 85,000138 km / $27,000

15. Battery Electric Vehicles VW e-Golf Citroen C-1 Mercedes B-Class BMW i3 Chevy Spark EV Kia Soul EV 132 km / $36,265132 km / $23,900 136 km / $42,000 240 km / $41,900 131 km / $26,685147 km / $33,700

16. Most Efficient Vehicles - 2015 Model Year (USA) BEVs and Plug-in HEVsConventional HEVs Source: US EPA, 2014 - http://www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/overall-high.htmUS EPA, 2014 - http://www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/overall-high.htm 1. Battery electric 2. Plug-in hybrid

17. Next? Solar electric cars: When your gas station is the sun solar panels installed on roof home in Washington, DC home in 2011 Cost $36,740 -> after state and federal tax credits, total cost was $20,000 One-third of solar energy powers car, 2/3 house Pre-solar $1500 electricity / $1833 gas per year Post-solar electricity cost: $0 per year Payback: when car AND house energy costs are combined, estimated payback time is six years http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Latest-News-Wires/2014/1028/Solar-electric- cars-When-your-gas-station-is-the-sun