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Published byAmani Berney Modified over 9 years ago
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Lifespan Development
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Stages in Life-Span Development Prenatal Infancy Early childhood Late childhood Adolescence Early adulthood Middle adulthood Late adulthood Conception to birth Birth to ~ 18 mo ~ 18 mo to ~ 6 yrs ~ 6 yrs to ~ 13 yrs ~ 13 yrs to ~ 20 yrs ~ 20 yrs to ~ 30 yrs ~ 30 yrs to ~ 65 yrs ~ 65 yrs and older
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Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Oral: 0 – 12 months. Gratification is obtained through sucking and other oral means. Immediate gratification is the goal. (Pleasure principle rules). Anal: 12 –24 months. Gratification is obtained through expelling and retaining feces and urine.
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Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Phallic: 2 - ~ 5 years.Gratification is through the manipulation of genitals. Latency: ~ 6 - ~ 12 years. Loss of interest in sexual gratification. Identification with the same-sex parent. Genital: ~12 years and older. Concern with adult modes of pleasure.
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Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Stage ( birth to 2 years) –Learning through active interaction with the environment –Becoming aware of cause-effect relationships –Learning that objects exist even when not in view –Imitating crudely the actions of others
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Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Preoperational Stage (ages 2 – 6 years) –Begins with child being very egocentric –Language and mental representations develop –Objects are classified by just one characteristic at a time
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Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Concrete operations stage ( ages 7 – 12 years) –Develops conservation of volume, length, mass, etc. –Organizes objects into ordered categories –Understands relational terms (e.g., bigger than, above) –Begins using simple logic
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Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Formal operations stage ( ages over 12) –Thinking becomes abstract and symbolic –Reasoning skills develop –A sense of hypothetical concepts develops
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A Comparison of the stage theories of Freud, Erikson, and Piaget Age FreudEriksonPiaget Infancy OralBasic trust vs. mistrustSensorimotor 1-2 yrs AnalAutonomy vs. shame/doubt End of sensorimotor onset of preoperational 3-5 yrs PhallicInitiative vs. guiltPreoperational 6-12 yrs LatencyIndustry vs. inferiorityEnd of preoperatnl. onset of concrete op 12-18 yrs. GenitalIdentity vs. role confusion Formal operations Young adult ---------Intimacy vs. isolation ----------- Adulthood ---------Generativity vs. stagnation ----------- Maturity ---------Ego integrity vs. despair-----------
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