1. Urban Growth and Decline - Sydney’s development Issues in the Australian Environment: Urban Processes © Adrian Shipp

2. The Development of Sydney This concentric model doesn’t fully explain Sydney’s development

3. Here’s another way of representing Sydney As a coastal city, Sydney doesn’t have a circular pattern

4. Sydney can’t develop far to the east Sydney has developed most to the west But this still doesn’t tell the full story

5. Sydney has branched out What might have caused this?

6. Railways greatly influenced Sydney’s development 1850

7. 1890s

8. 1910

9. 1930

10. 1965

11. 2004

12. Rails was important until the 1950s Central Station 1931 © Greg Edwards

13. Tramways also influenced city growth Steam trams were already in use by the 1870s State Records NSW

14. Trams quickly replaced carriages Tramways were electrified from 1898 onwards State Records NSW

15. By 1932 Sydney had the world’s biggest urban tramway system

16. Growth also influenced by Tramways Western & South Western lines at greatest extent Wikimedia Commons

17. Growth also influenced by Tramways Eastern suburbs lines at greatest extent Wikimedia Commons

18. Trams began to be phased out from the 1950s onwards as car and truck transport developed George St, 1950s State Records NSW

19. Car and Motor Lorry Transport FJ Holdens were mass produced in Australia in the 1950s. This allowed people to live further away from railway and tram networks. National Museum of Australia. Photo: Dragi Markovic

20. Car and Motor Lorry Transport Bedford trucks, like the one in the foreground, allowed businesses to develop further away from rail and tram networks Photo Acknowledgement : Holroyd City Council Library

21. Car & Trucks and Buses By the 1960s cars, trucks and buses were major forms of transport in Sydney State Records NSW

22. Sydney’s Growth & Projected Growth Sydney’s extensive suburban growth, called suburbanisation, depended on motor vehicles and continues to do so. Planning NSW - http://dnn.coi.nsw.gov.au/dev/uploads/paper/introduction/BACKGROUND%20ANALYSIS-8.html

23. Stages in transport development Walking Horse & cart Railways Steam trams Electric trams Cars & motor lorries

24. Sydney’s CBD From Cahill Expressway Little visible evidence from the 1788 British settlement remains.

25. 57 Lower Fort St, Millers Point Early 19 th Century (Georgian) Wealthy Merchant Housing At this time most of Sydney's wealthy merchants, lived on the ridge at what became known as The Rocks

26. Windmill St, Millers Point 100 years of residential architecture 1830 1880s 1930s

27. Clyde St, Millers Point Workers Housing during the 1830s Poorer people lived lower down the hill closer to the port and work State Records NSW

28. Gloucester Rd, The Rocks Urban Decline circa 1900 Poor housing conditions and a Bubonic plague outbreak in 1900 led to many dilapidated buildings being demolished State Records NSW

29. Hereford St, Glebe 1880s – 1890s Residential Originally a wealthy suburb that experienced from the 1920s Gentrification has been occurring in Glebe since the 1970s.

30. Turner Ave, Haberfield 1900 - 1914 Federation style Part of the Established zone it developed after 1900 Trams were important to the suburb’s development Most trees cleared. Foreign species planted

31. Shipley Ave, Concord 1918 - 1930 California Bungalows Part of the Established zone it developed after 1920 Trams were the main transport. Suburbs like this grew rapidly Most trees cleared. Foreign species planted

32. Strickland Rd, Granville 1950s Public Housing (fibro – asbestos cement) Developed after 1950. New mass produced building materials like fibro Cars were important to the suburb’s development. New roads, land clearing Most trees cleared, top soil sometimes removed and sold

33. Goondah St, Lansdowne 1960s Brick Veneer Bungalows Developed after 1960. brick and some timber construction Cars were important to the suburb’s development. New roads, land clearing Most trees cleared, top soil sometimes removed and sold

34. Rivendell Cresc, Werrington Downs 1970s to 1980s Brick Veneer Bungalows Developed through 1970s and 1980s. Brick veneer construction Cars were important to the suburb’s development. New roads, land clearing Less top soil removed & sold

35. Halcyon Drive, Kellyville Similar developments continued through the 1990s and 2000s Most trees already cleared for previous dairy farming activities Formerly Dunn’s Dairy Farm

36. Lycett Avenue, West Hoxton 2010 Rural Urban Fringe

37. Lombard Close, Glebe 1990s Residential – Urban renewal In Glebe Urban Renewal has also been an important process.

38. Arden St, Coogee in Randwick Municipality 1920s houses demolished as part of the 1960s Urban renewal – unsympathetic infill Noise and dust from construction Driveway & basement parking – air pollution Only remaining 1920s house

40. The Impact of Urban Development Sydney’s development has had an impact on both the biophysical and the built environments BiophysicalBuilt Mangroves cleared & coast land filled in Sydney basin cleared of natural vegetation Top soils removed Surfaces sealed & Water run-off more rapid Polluted storm water to rivers and sea Sewage piped to coast dumped in the sea Chemical from factories into rivers & sea Bilge water from ships pollutes harbour Fuel oils into coastal waters Coal burning increases air pollution Cars cause photo-chemical smog Urban decline – unsanitary housing Urban decline – vermin such as rats Urban decline – poverty concentrated Urban renewal – Dust and noise Urban renewal – unsympathetic infill Urban consolidation – Overshadowing Urban consolidation – Pressure on services Urban consolidation – More traffic Urban consolidation – Less industrial pollution Urban consolidation – Return of trams Gentrification – Street trees and playgrounds Gentrification - more restaurants

41. Sydney’s Natural Vegetation Farming and Suburbanisation has led to extensive clearing of natural vegetation Mangroves clear and marshes filled in to increase coastal and port land The Cumberland Plain in Western Sydney still has some remnant woodlands Australian Government – Australian Natural Resource Atlas