1. Field Work and The Research Cycle Issues in the Australian Environment: Urban Processes

2. Field Study Area Darling Harbour Barangaroo Millers PointWalsh Bay Circular Quay How are these areas changing?

3. The Research Cycle 2. Generate focus questions to Guide the investigation 1. Identify the aim/purpose of the investigation 3. Which primary and secondary data are needed to answer the focus questions 4. Identify the techniques that will be used to collect the data 5. collect primary and secondary data 6. Process and analyse the data collected 7. Select methods to effectively communicate the research findings 8. Propose individual or group action in response to the findings 9. Where appropriate, take action

4. Identifying the Aim or Purpose Location 1 - Darling Harbour - Pyrmont Bridge to King Location 2 – Millers Point Location 3 – Walsh Bay Location 4 – Circular Quay West Street Wharf Our aim or purpose is to investigate the impact of urban growth and decline on the biophysical and built environments in the field study area. testing the biophysical & built environment We already have some secondary data on the field study area On our field study we will gather primary data at four locations by: observing the biophysical & built environments interviewing stakeholders

5. Focus questions to guide the investigation How is the Harbour foreshore being used? How has the land use changed and what is the impact on the biophysical and built environment? What issues have arisen from Urban Growth & Decline? How are the issues being addressed?

6. Primary and secondary data are needed to answer the focus question How is the Harbour foreshore being used? Primary dataSecondary data Direct observation Field Sketches Photographs Video Sound levels Temperature Water testing Wind speed Interviews Class notes Internet sites Class Blog ABS data Video clips Newspaper articles Maps Photographs Books

7. Primary and secondary data are needed to answer the focus question How has the land use changed and what is the impact on the biophysical and built environment?

8. Identify the techniques that will be used to collect the data How has the land use changed and what is the impact on the biophysical and built environment? Water testing Phosphates Nitrates Ph Turbidity

9. Phosphates Phosphate pollution can enter the water ways because of human sewage, agricultural, pesticide and fertilizer runoff, urban storm water runoff, and industrial waste.waste discharge Phosphorous is a nutrient but high levels cause a loss of dissolved oxygen 1 ppm excellent; 2 ppm good; 4 ppm fair

10. pH Most aquatic organisms adapt to specific pH levels and may die if there is a shift in these levels and this can be affected by industrial wastes pH is a measurement of the acidic or basic quality of the waters Natural water has a pH between 6.5 & 8.2

11. Turbidity Turbidity is a measure of the degree to which the water looses its clarity or transparency because of suspended solids. 500 NTU 50 NTU 5 NTU Turbidity is a measured in NTU or Nephelometric Turbidity Units Turbidity of drinking water should be below 5 NTU, ideally below 1 NTU

12. Primary and secondary data are needed to answer the focus question What issues have arisen from Urban Growth & Decline? Traffic congestion ? High density housing? Noise pollution? Unsympathetic infill? Increased road or water traffic ? Wind tunnelling? Vandalism ? Dust and construction noise? oil and rubbish in the water? Pollution? Reduced air quality in the area? Overshadowing? Road closures? Closing down of businesses? Privacy issues for residents? Contamination of harbour sea bed? Dilapidated Houses?

13. Primary and secondary data are needed to answer the focus question How are the issues being addressed? NSW Maritime Planning NSW NSW Road Transit Authority (RTA) NSW Housing Sydney City Council NSW Dept of Environment Climate Change & Water Aust Dept of Immigration & Citizenship Aust Dept of Customs & Excise NSW Transport & Infrastructure Government

14. Primary and secondary data are needed to answer the focus question How are the issues being addressed? Millers Point Residents’ Action Group Australian Institute of Architects Lend Lease Barangaroo Action Group Millers Point Festival Darling Harbour Tenants Cruise & Charter Boat Operators Mirvac Community & Commercial Transfield Walsh Bay residents Tenants & Businesses of Dawes Point, The Rocks & Circular Quay Tourists

15. More sustainable buildings with Building Green Star Ratings All buildings in the Barangaroo project must achieve 5 Green Star rating or above The nine Green Star rating tools are: Management Indoor Environment Quality Energy Transport Water Materials Land Use & Ecology Emissions Innovation How are the issues being addressed?