2. I. The Nature of Magnetic Waves
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
I. The Nature of Magnetic Waves

3. The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves1
A. Waves In Space
Transferring Energy
1. What does a wave do?
A wave transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter.
2. Is there more than one type of wave?
Yes. Mechanical waves and Electromagnetic waves

4. The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves1
A. Waves In Space
Transferring Energy
1. What makes Mechanical waves different from Electromagnetic waves?
Mechanical waves are the types of waves that use matter to transfer energy.
Waves, such as water waves and sound waves, are mechanical waves that transfer energy by making particles of matter move.

5. The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves1
A. Waves In Space
Transferring Energy
2. What makes Mechanical waves different from Electromagnetic waves?
Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space or through matter and is produced by charged particles that are in motion
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-Rays, and Gamma Rays are all electromagnetic waves

6. B. Forces and Fields 1 1. What makes an electromagnetic wave?
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
B. Forces and Fields
1. What makes an electromagnetic wave?
An electromagnetic wave is made of two parts—an electric field and a magnetic field. These fields are force fields.
2. What does a force field do?
A force field enables an object to exert forces on other objects, even though they are not touching.

7. B. Forces and Fields 1 3. What are some types of force fields?
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
B. Forces and Fields
3. What are some types of force fields?
A. Earth is surrounded by a force field called the gravitational field
A gravitational field surrounds all objects.
B. A magnetic field exerts a force on another magnet and on magnetic materials.
Magnetic fields cause other magnets to line up along the direction of the magnetic field.

8. B. Forces and Fields 1 3. What are some types of force fields?
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
B. Forces and Fields
3. What are some types of force fields?
C. A particle that has electric charge, such as a proton or an electron, is surrounded by an electric field.
The electric field is a force field that exerts a force on all other charged particles that are in the field.

9. C. Making Electromagnetic Waves
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
C. Making Electromagnetic Waves
1. How are waves produced?
You can make a wave on a rope by shaking one end of the rope up and down.
Electromagnetic waves are produced by charged particles, such as electrons, that move back and forth or vibrate.
A charged particle always is surrounded by an electric field.

10. C. Making Electromagnetic Waves
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
C. Making Electromagnetic Waves
In this figure electrons are flowing in a wire that carries an electric current. As a result, the wire is surrounded by a magnetic field.

11. C. Making Electromagnetic Waves
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
C. Making Electromagnetic Waves
1. How are waves produced?
As a charged particle vibrates by moving up and down or back and forth, it produces changing electric and magnetic fields that move away from the vibrating charge in many directions
These changing fields traveling in many directions form an electromagnetic wave.

12. D. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
D. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
1. What is the difference between Frequency and wavelength?
The frequency of a wave is the number of wavelengths that pass by a point in 1 s.
Wavelength is the distance from one crest to the next or from one trough to the next.

13. D. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
D. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
2. What can be determined from frequency?
The amount of energy that an electromagnetic wave carries.
The higher the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, the more energy it has.
3. What is the name of the energy carried by an electromagnetic wave?
Radiant Energy.

14. D. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
D. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
4. What speed do all electromagnetic waves travel in space?
300,000 km/s.
5. What is this speed sometimes called?
The speed of light.

15. Question 1 1 A gravitational field surrounds _______. all objects
Section Check 1
Question 1
A gravitational field surrounds _______.
all objects
objects the size of Earth
objects bigger than Earth
objects bigger than the Sun

16. Section Check 1
Correct!
No matter how small, if it’s made of matter, it has a gravitational field.

17. Click icon to return to question
Section Check 1
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You are incorrect. Please try again.
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18. Section Check 1
Question 2
A _______ wave can’t travel through space from the Sun to the Earth, but an _______ wave can.
compressional, electromagnetic
electromagnetic, mechanical
mechanical, electromagnetic
transverse, sound

19. Section Check 1
Correct!
The energy that reaches us from the Sun is in the form of electromagnetic waves.

20. Question 3 1 What speed do all electromagnetic waves travel?
Section Check 1
Question 3
What speed do all electromagnetic waves travel?
300,000 m/s
300,000 km/s
300,000 mi/hr
300,000 km/hr

21. Section Check 1
Correct!
The answer is the speed of light. The speed of light is approximately 300,000 km/s.

22. II. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 1
II. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

23. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
1. How are electromagnetic waves classified?
The wide range of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies and wavelengths forms the electromagnetic spectrum.

24. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2. What are the different parts into which the electromagnetic spectrum is divided?
Radio Waves
Microwaves
Infrared Waves
Visible Light
Ultraviolet light
X-Ray
Gamma Rays

25. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2a. Radio Waves
Radio waves have the lowest frequencies of all the electromagnetic waves and carry the least energy.
Radio waves have wavelengths longer than about 0.3 m.

26. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2a. Radio Waves
Radio waves can cause electrons in another piece of metal, such as another antenna, to vibrate.
As the electrons in the receiving antenna vibrate, they form an alternating current.
Varying the frequency of the radio waves broadcast by the transmitting antenna changes the alternating current in the receiving antenna

27. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2b. Microwaves
Microwaves have wavelengths between about 0.3 m and m
Microwaves have a higher frequency and a shorter wavelength than the waves that are used in your home radio.
Microwave ovens use microwaves to heat food.

28. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2b. Microwaves
Microwaves are used in Radar
Radar, an acronym for RAdio Detecting And Ranging, uses electromagnetic waves to detect objects in the same way.

29. The Electromagnetic Spectrum2

30. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2c. Infrared Waves
The heat you are sensing with your skin when you stand near a fire is from infrared waves.
Infrared waves have wavelengths between about one thousandth and 0.7 millionths of a meter.

31. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2c. Infrared Waves
Detecting Infrared Waves
Electromagnetic waves are emitted by every object.
Most of the electromagnetic waves given off by an object at room temperature are infrared waves and have a wavelength of about m, or one hundred thousandth of a meter.
Infrared detectors can detect objects that are warmer or cooler than their surroundings.

32. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2c. Infrared Waves
Animals and Infrared Waves
Snakes called pit vipers have a pit located between the nostril and the eye that detects infrared waves.
These pits help pit vipers hunt at night by detecting the infrared waves their prey emits.

33. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2c. Visible Light
As the temperature of an object increases, the atoms and molecules in the object move faster.
If the temperature is high enough, the object might glow.
Electromagnetic waves you can detect with your eyes are called visible light.

34. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2d. Visible Light
What you see as different colors are electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths.
Red light has the longest wavelength (lowest frequency), and blue light has the shortest wavelength (highest frequency).

35. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2e. Ultraviolet Radiation
Ultraviolet radiation is higher in frequency than visible light and has even shorter wavelengths—between 0.4 millionths of a meter and about ten billionths of a meter.
Ultraviolet radiation has higher frequencies than visible light and carries more energy.

36. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2e. Ultraviolet Radiation
The Sun emits mainly infrared waves and visible light.
Only about 8 percent of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the Sun are ultraviolet radiation.

37. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2e. Ultraviolet Radiation
Beneficial Uses of UV Radiation
A few minutes of exposure each day to ultraviolet radiation from the sun enables your body to produce the vitamin D it needs.
Because ultraviolet radiation can kill cells, it can be used to disinfect (kill bacteria) surface areas, water, and air.

38. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2f. X-Ray
X rays, with an even higher frequency than ultraviolet rays, have enough energy to go right through skin and muscle.
The fact that X rays can pass through the human body makes them useful for medical diagnosis.
X-ray images help doctors detect injuries and diseases, such as broken bones and cancer.

39. A. Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
A. Electromagnetic Waves
2g. Gamma Rays
Gamma rays have the highest frequency and, therefore, carry the most energy.
Gamma rays are the hardest to stop. They are produced by changes in the nuclei of atoms.
A beam of gamma rays focused on a cancerous tumor can kill the tumor.
Gamma radiation also can kill disease-causing bacteria in food.

40. Section Check 2
Question 1
Electromagnetic energy comes in a variety of wavelengths and frequencies. The whole range is collectively known as the _______.
Radio Frequency
Electromagnetic spectrum
Light Spectrum
Wave Frequencies

41. Correct!
It is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.

42. Section Check 2
Question 2
Electromagnetic waves with a wavelength longer than 0.3 meters have a familiar name. What are they called?
Radio Waves
X-Rays
Light Waves
Tidal Waves

43. Correct!
They are called radio waves. The energy that is received by your radio antenna is also electromagnetic energy.

44. Section Check 2
Question 3
Electromagnetic radiation of a lower frequency than visible light is known as _______.
beta radiation
gamma radiation
infrared radiation
X rays

45. Section Check 2
Correct!
The answer is C. Electromagnetic radiation of a lower frequency than visible light is Infrared radiation.

46. Using Electromagnetic Waves3
A. Telecommunications
Today you can talk to someone far away or transmit and receive information over long distances almost instantly.
Thanks to telecommunications, the world is becoming increasingly connected through the use of electromagnetic waves.

47. Using Electromagnetic Waves3
B. Using Radio Waves
Using radio waves to communicate has several advantages.
For example, radio waves pass through walls and windows easily.
Radio waves do not interact with humans, so they are not harmful to people like ultraviolet rays or X rays are.

48. Using Electromagnetic Waves3
B. Using Radio Waves
This figure shows how radio waves can be used to transmit information—in this case
transmitting information that enables sounds to be reproduced at a location far away.

49. B. Using Radio Waves 3 1. Radio Transmission
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
B. Using Radio Waves
1. Radio Transmission
The radio waves broadcast by a station at its assigned frequency are the carrier waves for that station.
To carry information on the carrier wave, either the amplitude or the frequency of the carrier wave is changed, or modulated.

50. B. Using Radio Waves 3 2. Amplitude Modulation
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
B. Using Radio Waves
2. Amplitude Modulation
The letters AM in AM radio stand for amplitude modulation, which means that the amplitude of the carrier wave is changed to transmit information.

51. B. Using Radio Waves 3 2. Amplitude Modulation
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
B. Using Radio Waves
2. Amplitude Modulation
The original sound is transformed into an electrical signal that is used to vary the amplitude of the carrier wave.

52. B. Using Radio Waves 3 3. Frequency Modulation
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
B. Using Radio Waves
3. Frequency Modulation
FM radio works in much the same way as AM radio, but the frequency instead of the amplitude is modulated

53. B. Using Radio Waves 3 3. Frequency Modulation
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
B. Using Radio Waves
3. Frequency Modulation
An FM receiver contains electronic components that use the varying frequency of the carrier wave to produce an electrical signal.

54. C. Telephones 3 1. What is a telephone and how does it work?
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
C. Telephones
1. What is a telephone and how does it work?
A telephone contains a microphone in the mouthpiece that converts a sound wave into an electric signal.
The electric signal is carried through a wire to the telephone switching systems.
There, the signal might be sent through other wires or be converted into a radio or microwave signal for transmission through the air.

55. C. Telephones 3 1. What is a telephone and how does it work?
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
C. Telephones
1. What is a telephone and how does it work?
At the receiving end, the signal is converted back to an electric signal.
A speaker in the earpiece of the phone changes the electric signal into a sound wave.

56. C. Telephones 3 2. Remote Phones
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
C. Telephones
2. Remote Phones
In a cordless phone, the electrical signal produced by the microphone is transmitted through an antenna in the phone to the base station.

57. C. Telephones 3 2. Remote Phones
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
C. Telephones
2. Remote Phones
A cellular phone communicates with a base station that can be many kilometers away.
The base station uses a large antenna to communicate with the cell phone and with other base stations in the cell phone network.

58. Using Electromagnetic Waves3
C. Telephones
3. Pagers
When you dial a pager, the signal is sent to a base station.
From there, an electromagnetic signal is sent to the pager.
The pager beeps or vibrates to indicate that someone has called.

59. D. Communications Satellites
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
D. Communications Satellites
1. How are radio signals sent around the world? .
Radio signals are sent to satellites.
The satellites can communicate with other satellites or with ground stations.

60. E. The Global Positioning System
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
E. The Global Positioning System
1. What is GPS?
Global Positioning System, or GPS. GPS is used to locate objects on Earth.
The system consists of satellites, ground-based stations, and portable units with receivers.

61. E. The Global Positioning System
Using Electromagnetic Waves 3
E. The Global Positioning System
2. How does a GPS locate an object?
A GPS receiver measures the time it takes for radio waves to travel from several satellites to the receiver. This determines the distance to each satellite
The receiver uses the distances to calculate its latitude, longitude, and elevation.

62. Section Check 3
Question 1
Name some of the reasons radio waves are useful to us.
Answer
They travel long distances, pass through walls easily, don’t harm people, and are ideal for communications purposes.

63. Section Check 3
Question 2
As you turn the dial on a radio, you pick up different frequencies. Each station is assigned its own frequency known as that station’s _______.
Answer
The answer is carrier wave. This is designed to prevent stations from overlapping each other’s signals.

64. Section Check 3
Question 3
What does AM stand for when referring to radio signals?
Answer
It stands for amplitude modulation. FM stands for frequency modulation.

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66. THE END