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Fortis and lenis – the inside story
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PLOSIVES FRICATIVES AFFRICATES fortis lenis
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FORTIS LENIS voicing length strength aspiration glottalization
unvoiced often voiced length longer shorter strength stronger weaker may be aspirated not aspirated aspiration not glottalized may be glottalized glottalization
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FORTIS LENIS voicing unvoiced often voiced initial to do
medial weighty lady final mate made initial sink zinc medial looser loser final price prize
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FORTIS LENIS voicing unvoiced often voiced
Particular problems for Icelanders: voicing of final plosives rip – rib, rope – robe, wipe – vibe mat – mad, mate – meid, rote – road leak – league, lock – log, back – bag batch – badge, rich – ridge
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FORTIS LENIS length longer shorter initial to do medial weighty lady
final mate made initial sink zinc medial looser loser final price prize
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FORTIS LENIS length longer shorter
Note: there are no long consonants in English as there are in Icelandic Compare: rubber – labour laddy – lady eager – bigger
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FORTIS LENIS strength stronger weaker initial to do
medial weighty lady final mate made initial sink zinc medial looser loser final price prize
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FORTIS LENIS aspiration may be not aspirated aspirated pie buy tie die
cave gave
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FORTIS LENIS aspiration may be not aspirated aspirated pie buy spy púa
búa spúla
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FORTIS LENIS aspiration may be not aspirated aspirated
Particular problems for Icelanders: preaspiration rappa – supper, stopp – stop skvetta – better, matt – Matt - mat rekka – wrecker, lakk - lack fitness, apple, bottle, picnic
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FORTIS LENIS glottalization may be not glottalized glottalized that
what shop make match captain
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FORTIS LENIS voicing length strength aspiration glottalization
unvoiced often voiced length longer shorter strength stronger weaker may be aspirated not aspirated aspiration not glottalized may be glottalized glottalization
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FORTIS LENIS voicing aspiration unvoiced often voiced not aspirated
may be aspirated
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English ph b Icelandic ph p French p b Lenis Fortis PIE BUY PÆ BÆ
PEAU BEAU
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ph p b Icelandic pæ bæ French peau beau English pie buy
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pH-sp, tH-st, kH-sk pin pHin tie tHai key kHI spin sty stai ski skI
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pin penni spin spenni bin benni
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VOT Voice Onset time
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VOT no voicing voicing release labour, grabber ábót, labba
lip closure release labour, grabber ábót, labba super, supper pin penni spin spenna, benni bin rabb, rop rub top topp
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VOT Voice Onset Time
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lip closure release no voicing voicing labba labour pay, páll bay bein
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