1. 2013-2014 Final Exam Review 8 th Grade Social Studies PART 2: Industrialization, immigration and the Progressives

2. Economics: the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

3. How does Industrialization Change Things? Mass Production: Works moves out of the home and into factories. – New machines – Assembly lines – Interchangeable parts Result is a huge shift from homemade goods to factory made goods. Urbanization: The rise in the number of factories leads to a rise in the number of cities. – Immigrants looking for jobs – Rural settlers looking for opportunity. Result is overcrowding, slums, poor sanitation…

4. CEO Board of Directors Investors THE CORPORATION: A business owned by many investors. A corporation raises $$ for the business by selling STOCKS STOCKHOLDERS receive a share of the profits and can choose the leaders The BOARD OF DIRECTORS chooses a Chief Executive Officer to run the corporation

5. Corporations Limited Government Interference Consolidation of Corporations into Trusts Monopolies “Big Business”

6. In the late 1800’s, groups of corporations combined to form one GINORMOUS corporation called a TRUST. By 1900, trusts dominated most major industries and had a lot of power and $$$$ Many saw trusts as a threat to FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST Me….

7. TRUSTS Sherman Anti-trust Act

8. Immigration The growth of industry and cities meant more factory jobs for unskilled laborers. This meant opportunity for immigrants seeking a better life.

9. Factors Leading to Immigration PUSH FACTORS These are things that pushed people out of their countries: – Civil war – Famine – Persecution – A bad economy PULL FACTORS These are things that pulled, or drew people to the U.S. between 1880 and 1920. – Jobs – Opportunity – Religious freedom – Promise of a better life – Relatives who had recently immigrated

10. Issues Relating to Immigration Assimilation Immigrants clung to many parts of their traditional culture but also tried to “fit in”, or assimilate, to their new American culture. Nativism Increased immigration led to an anti-Immigrant backlash. Nativists argues immigrants cannot ever fit in and that most of societies problems were the fault of immigrants.

11. An umbrella label for a wide range of economic, political, social, and moral reforms. These included efforts to outlaw the sale of alcohol; regulate child labor and sweatshops; scientifically manage natural resources; insure pure and wholesome water and milk; Americanize immigrants and bust or regulate trusts The Progressive Era

12. a person advocating or implementing social reform or new, liberal ideas. What is a Progressive?

13. 16 th : Income Tax 17 th : Direct election of Senators by the people. 18 th : Prohibition 19 th : Women get the vote (suffrage) The Progressive Amendments

14. SUFFRAGISTS/SUFFRAGET TES: women (and some men) who fought for the right of women to vote. EX: Alice Paul MUCKRAKERS: Investigative journalist who tried to uncover political corruption, workplace abuses and generally make life better by exposing “the bad guys”. EX: Upton Sinclair, author of The Jungle Progressive Groups