1. Thank You! Locally Integrated Food & Energy L.I.F.E. David Yarrow www.dyarrow.org sustain and retain wealth for common good /biochar /CarbonFarming /terracharge /PrepareBiochar /LetFreedomRing /cool-food /CarbonSmartFarming /BlueLightWater UNITED

2. WATER H2O C ARBON N ITROGEN M AJOR Trace ORGANIC95% Hydrogen45% Oxygen30% H O Carbon15% CO 2 C + carbohydrate carbohydrate = Nitrogen5% + N = amino acid MAJOR4% TRACE 1% vapor Greenhouse Gases the chemical composition of life Elements in Biology CO 2 CH 4 NO x Nitrous Oxide Methane Carbon Dioxide

3. CO 2 parts per million The Keeling Curve CO 2 concentration in atmosphere measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii greenhouse gas emission in Earth’s atmosphere 1976 1991 Climate Change 101 Before the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, global average CO2 was about 280 ppm. During the last 800,000 years, CO2 fluctuated between about 180 ppm during ice ages, and 280 ppm during interglacial warm periods. Today’s rate of increase is more than 100 times faster than the increase when the last ice age ended. ~ NOAA Media Release Decade Total Increase Annual Rate of Increase 1963 – 729.00 ppm0.90 ppm per year 1973 – 8213.68 ppm1.37 ppm per year 1983 – 9215.24 ppm1.52 ppm per year 1993 – 200216.73 ppm1.67 ppm per year 2003 – 1220.74 ppm2.07 ppm per year PARADIGM SHIFT Climate Change Confronting

4. TARGET CURRENT 400 ppm EXCESS 350 ppm still rising 50 ppm still rising in Earth’s atmosphere Dr. James Hansen leading US Climate Scientist www.GlobalClimateSolutions.org Summer 2009 Where Should Humanity Aim? August 2013 1988 Warming of the climate system is unequivocal. Since the 1950s, many observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and greenhouse gas concentrations increased. International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Summary Report January 30, 2014 50% of GHG emissions Agriculture & Food Supply Carbon emissions from changes in land use and land cover are the second largest source of man-made carbon emissions after fossil fuel combustion. Greenhouse gas data show emissions from agriculture, forestry and fisheries nearly doubled the past 50 years, and can increase another 30% by 2050. PARADIGM SHIFT Climate Change Confronting

5. zero net emissions carbon emissions reverse carbon emissions reduced carbon emissions 400 ppm in Earth’s atmosphere CURRENT TARGET EXCESS X 50 ppm 350 ppm still rising Dr. James Hansen leading US Climate Scientist www.GlobalClimateSolutions.org Summer 2009 Where Should Humanity Aim? PARADIGM SHIFT Climate Change Confronting

6. reverse carbon emissions in Earth’s atmosphere carbon removal & storage carbon sequestrationConfronting Climate Change X PARADIGM SHIFT still rising Dr. James Hansen leading US Climate Scientist www.GlobalClimateSolutions.org 400 ppm CURRENT TARGET EXCESS 50 ppm 350 ppm Summer 2009 Where Should Humanity Aim?

7. Climate Change Confronting in Earth’s atmosphere PARADIGM SHIFT Scientists calculate soil can store more carbon than atmosphere and all plants combined 2,500 billion tons in soil 800 billion tons in atmosphere 560 billion tons in plant life then there’s the soil microbes…

8. Suck CO2 fixed into transform into boost soil fertility photosynthesis restore Microbiology grow more biomass pyrolysis inoculate out of Earth’s atmosphere Carbohydrates plant biomass Biochar sequestered carbon positive feedback loop Climate Change super-stable: 1600+ years into solid, stable molecules Charcoal Soil Food Web Aboriginal Cliff Painting Australia 30,000+ years Convert Infertile Land into Productive Farmland Nutrient-Dense Crops & Foods Watersheds & Water Quality Renewable Biofuels Deep Cavern Art southern France 32,000+ years PARADIGM SHIFT Climate Change Confronting

9. Replacing slash-and-burn agriculture with slash-and-char, using farm and forestry wastes for biochar production can provide CO 2 drawdown of ~8 ppm or more in half a century. Carbon sequestration in soil has significant potential. The Potential of Biochar August 2008 CO 2 drawdown of ~8 ppm or more in half a century. Dr. James Hansen leading US Climate Scientist www.GlobalClimateSolutions.org Biochar produced in pyrolysis of residues from crops, forestry, and animal wastes can restore soil fertility while storing carbon for centuries to millennia. Biochar helps soil retain nutrients and fertilizers, reducing GHG emissions such as N 2 O. Climate Change Confronting THE FIRST International Conference on Soil Carbon Sequestration as a response to climate change May 2013, Reykjavik, Iceland

10. Carbon-Smart fertility? Questions? about our future Who will feed Independence in 2020? In 6 years? Who will be farmers? New farmers? Young farmers? What land will be reserved as farmland? How to rebuild local & regional food infrastructures? How do we grow food to feed communities? What crops must be grown? What methods of agriculture will be used? How will crops be processed, marketed & stored? How to put fertility in soil? Not just for one year – permanent, long-term, stable? Not just a few elements – all of them, in balance? Not dependent on fossil fuels & synthetic chemistry? Climate Change Confronting