1. Part Three 1st Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792?

2. Written examination: 2 hours.
Assessment:
Written examination: 2 hours.
Each option paper will be divided into Sections A and B. Candidates will be required to answer the following from their chosen topic:
one question in Section A out of a choice of two (30 marks). The essay questions will have an analytical focus that will require candidates to reach a substantiated judgement on a historical issue or problem
one question in Section B out of a choice of two (40 marks). The question will require candidates to compare the provided source material while exploring an issue of historical debate, and to reach substantiated judgements in the light of their own knowledge and understanding of the issues of interpretation and controversy.

3. a) Why did constitutional monarchy fail in the years 1789-92?
In Section B, candidates will be provided with five or six unseen secondary sources totalling approximately words per question. These sources will be made available with the examination paper.
The question will require candidates to compare the provided source material while exploring an issue of historical debate, and to reach substantiated judgements in the light of their own knowledge and understanding of the issues of interpretation and controversy.

4. The French Revolution-Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792?
Topic Outline
Introduction to the controversy
How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly
Why was there a struggle over the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?
How important was the rise of the Political clubs of the 1790s?
Was the Flight to Varennes significant?
Why did France go to war?
How did the monarchy come to an end?
What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793
What happened at Louis’ trial and execution?
Assessment
Document
It was the coming of war which destroyed the French Monarchy in 1792?
Do you agree?
The deteriorating economic climate brought about the downfall of the constitutional monarchy in France in 1792
Explain how far this is accurate
How far do you agree with the view that the downfall of the monarchy in August 1792 was brought about by the Jacobin minority? (June 2012)

5. Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly?
A Meritocracy?
Discuss with the person next to you
Should people only get things such as jobs based on merit?
Do we live in a society that only rewards merit
The French Revolution-Controversy

6. Objectives How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly?
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly?
Objectives
To understand the principles that under pin the reforms
To research and prepare a presentation on a given area of reform
To make a judgement as to how far reaching these reforms were
Proclamation of the Constitution of 1791
The French Revolution-Controversy

7. How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly?
Common Principles
The principle of election
The principle of meritocracy
The principle of equality
The principle of wealth
Areas Reformed
Local Government
Tax and finance
Economy
Legal System
The Constitution
The Church (to be looked at separately)
The French Revolution-Controversy

8. The French Revolution-Controversy
Principles of reform?
The principle of wealth Voting qualifications were based on wealth Only the very rich bourgeoisie could become Deputies to the Assembly. Wealth ensured that the bourgeoisie and the peasants could “buy in” to the Revolution through the purchase of Church lands. The Declaration of Rights which underpinned the reforms stated
The principle of election Local government officials elected Under the constitution active citizens were elected Magistrates and judges were elected Clergy were to be elected
The principle of equality There was to be equality before the law with the abolition of ecclesiastical and seigneural courts. There was to be equality of taxation with the introduction of the new land tax that was to be paid by all and based on land values. There was to be equality in the payment of salaries to the clergy as great discrepancies of wealth were evened out.
The principle of meritocracy Officials were elected to local government based on merit Judges were to be elected based on their merits – their amount of experience
The French Revolution-Controversy

9. How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly?
In groups you will need to investigate one area of the reforms
You will need to provide a presentation and handout that includes
An outline of the reforms of your area
An explanation of where and how they reflect the principles behind the reforms
A conclusion as to how far reaching the reforms were in your area based on differences before reform
Areas Reformed
Local Government – Leigh & Mark
Tax and finance – Adam & Reece
Economy- Andrew & Dillion
Legal System –Darina & Harison
The Constitution – Matthew & James
The French Revolution-Controversy

10. How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly?
In pairs sort the cards under three headings
Political Social and Religious change
Then prioritise the comments
Which area of France do you think saw the most significant reforms?
The French Revolution-Controversy

11. Some reflections on the reforms?
The change in the relationship between Church & State; the Church becomes subservient to the State.
The change in the position of the King; he becomes a constitutional monarch.
The rise of the Bourgeoisie.
The fear of the mob.
The loyalty of the peasants to the Revolution.
The crisis over the Civil Constitution of the Clergy which splits France.

12. Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why was there a struggle over the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?
Objectives
To understand what the Civil Constitution was
To investigate the arguments for and against the Civil Constitution
To assess the impact of this ‘reform’ on the king
cartoon representation of the confiscation of church lands
The French Revolution-Controversy

13. What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy say?
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why was there a struggle over the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?
What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy say?
What were the arguments for and against it?
The Key Debate
Did this reform have any significance on the course of the revolution?
The French Revolution-Controversy

14. What does this suggest about how events in France are developing?
The French Revolution-Controversy

15. How important was the rise of the Political clubs of the 1790s?
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How important was the rise of the Political clubs of the 1790s?
Objectives
To investigate why there was an increase in discontent
To research and investigate the new clubs that have grown up in Paris
To be introduced to the groups/clubs that will dominate the next stages of the revolution
The Jacobin Club
The French Revolution-Controversy

16. Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How important was the rise of the Political clubs of the 1790s?
What reasons can you find why France became more radical and extreme in 1791/2?
Using the extra information complete your tables on the make up of the clubs
How significant do you believe the clubs were in increasing revolutionary discontent?
The French Revolution-Controversy

17. The French Revolution-Controversy
In pairs
Why might the King try to leave the country?
What might he hope to achieve by doing so?
Aim for three suggestions for each
The French Revolution-Controversy

18. Was the Flight to Varennes significant?
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Was the Flight to Varennes significant?
Objectives
To understand the events surrounding the flight to Varennes
To investigate the significance of this event
To apply documents and knowledge to our judgement on the significance of the Flight to Varennes
the apprehension of Louis XVI at Varennes
The French Revolution-Controversy

19. Was the Flight to Varennes significant?
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Was the Flight to Varennes significant?
Read through the account of the flight, in 70 words explain what happened
Using the documents answer questions1 and 2
Now return to the information –read the background information as to the significance of this flight
Apply this knowledge in answering Document question 3
The French Revolution-Controversy

20. The French Revolution-Controversy
The flight to Varennes
Major Event
The Flight to Varennes
Root Causes
Causes
Effect
The French Revolution-Controversy

21. The French Revolution-Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did France go to war?
Objectives
To find possible reasons for war
To investigate the arguments for and against going to war
The French Revolution-Controversy

22. Take each source in turn The French Revolution-Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did France go to war?
Take each source in turn
Is it in favour or against the war
What is the argument used for this?
Now look to find examples of further groups and individuals who were for and against the war by completing your table.
Robespierre
The French Revolution-Controversy

23. And what was the impact on France of this decision?
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did France go to war?
And what was the impact on France of this decision?
Complete a Flow Map of events from April to September 1792, giving a brief explanation of each event
Use this research to complete your table on the impact of the War
The French Revolution-Controversy

24. The French Revolution-Controversy
20th April st Sept 1792
Defeat in Austrian Netherlands
Lafayette requests the Assembly to make peace
Louis XVI vetoes 2 laws
Journee on 20th June
The call to arms ‘La Patrie endanger…’
August 1st The Brunswick manifesto
August 10th The Storming of the Tuilieries
Suspension & imprisonment of the King
September Massacres
Victory at Valmy
Election of a new Assembly
A new Calendar
The French Revolution-Controversy

25. And what was the impact on France of this decision?
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did France go to war?
And what was the impact on France of this decision?
Prepare your document answer
The French Revolution-Controversy

26. The Coming of Revolution 1786-9
It was the coming of War which destroyed the French monarchy’?
Annotate the source
Does this source agree?
Source A-
Popular and fraternal Societies sprang up in great numbers during the winter of , generally under the patronage of Marat, and as an off-shot of the Cordeliers Club. Their aim was popularise, amongst those who could not educate themselves. Rousseau and republicanism. So the new ideas spread.
They would hardly have done so but for economic distress, the treachery of the king and fear of war. ‘As things are’ wrote Cabanis, the latest adviser to the court, on the 21st April 1791, ‘and during the King’s lifetime, no party either in the assembly or out of it would dare to propose an other form of government. The republicans have different hopes; but as long as the King himself is safe, the situation can be saved.’ This safeguard Louis had now deliberately thrown away. The quite unprecedented protest of public opinion against the flight to Varennes opened the mouth of republicanism.
JM Thompson The French Revolution 1943
Own knowledge to support the source
The Coming of Revolution

27. The Coming of Revolution 1786-9
It was the coming of War which destroyed the French monarchy’?
Annotate the source
Does this source agree?
Source -B
Yet in spite of the mistrust of the King, it seemed likely that the Constitution of 1791 would survive. What prevented this was the war with Austria, which began in April This event had more decisive and far reaching results than any other in the whole of the Revolution. Almost everything that had happened in France from that time was caused, or affected, by it. The war finally destroyed the consensus of It led directly to the fall of the monarchy, to civil war and the Terror.
Duncan Townson France in Revolution 1990
Own knowledge to support the source
The Coming of Revolution

28. The Coming of Revolution 1786-9
It was the coming of War which destroyed the French monarchy’?
Annotate the source
Does this source agree?
Source -C
A second revolution had indeed occurred in the summer of 1792, ushering in universal suffrage and ,in effect, a republic. But it did not have the warm and virtually unanimous support that the nation had offered in the first. Events since 1789 had brought difference and divisions: many had followed their priests. Of those who remained loyal to the Revolution, some criticised 10 August, while others stood by, fearing the day’s aftermath. Those who had actually participated in the insurrection or who unhesitatingly approved it were few in number, a minority resolved to crush counter-revolution by any means.
Georges Lefebvre The French Revolution 1965
Own knowledge to support the source
The Coming of Revolution

29. How did the monarchy come to an end? The French Revolution-Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How did the monarchy come to an end?
Objectives
To identify what happened when the Hotel du Ville was attacked.
To research the September Massacres
To assess the significance of these actions
The French Revolution-Controversy

30. How did the monarchy come to an end? The French Revolution-Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How did the monarchy come to an end?
The Attack on the Hotel du Ville
What happened here in 1792? Significant?
The French Revolution-Controversy

31. How did the monarchy come to an end? The French Revolution-Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How did the monarchy come to an end?
The September Massacres
A sign of things to come?
Where does all this leave the monarchy?
The French Revolution-Controversy

32. The French Revolution-Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793?
Source Analysis
Objectives
To investigate, through sources, the factors involved
To use sources to support areas of debate
To come to a conclusion on the controversy
The French Revolution-Controversy

33. Was the downfall of the Constitutional Monarchy inevitable?
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793?
Was the downfall of the Constitutional Monarchy inevitable?
The French Revolution-Controversy

34. You have five minutes In pairs
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793?
You have five minutes In pairs
What arguments can you find in the sources that it was the King’s actions that led to his downfall?
What evidence can you find that the role of religion played a part?
Which of these two factors do you think was the most important?
The French Revolution-Controversy

35. Why did the Constitutional Monarchy come to an end?
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy come to an end?
Causes of the fall
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
The King’s own actions
The French Revolution-Controversy

36. Why did the monarchy come to an end?
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did the monarchy come to an end?
Fall of Constitutional monarchy
Fall of Absolute monarchy
The French Revolution-Controversy

37. Some areas of debate to pursue
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793?
Some areas of debate to pursue
A consequence of Louis’ personal failings and mistakes?
A consequence of too much reform too quickly?
The result of war?
The result of deepening economic crisis?
A consequence of the machinations* of a radical minority?
A consequence of divisions amongst conservative forces?
Any other factors?
Area of Debate
Evidence for
Indentify and quote source
The French Revolution-Controversy

38. The French Revolution-Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793?
Exam practise
Objectives
To investigate, through sources, the factors involved
To use sources to support areas of debate
To apply these skills to exam questions
The French Revolution-Controversy