1. How I Spent My Winter Vacation

2. Vocabulary List To come to visit To come over To visit a museum, tourist site etc. To take a train, taxi (cab), bus, the (only with the definite article) metro To fly to a city from a city To spend x amount of time, e.g. “I spent three days in Irkutsk.” To travel by train, by plane, by bus, by car To show around a city, a site, a country To take x amount of time. e.g. “The trip took three days.” To stay in a hotel, hostel, with a friend To reserve a hotel room, to book a hotel room To pass through a city, country, field etc.

3. More Vocabulary Smoked fish, smoked omul To get=to become sick, ill To get, to come down with the flu ( заболевать гриппом ) We all, you all, they all (also all of us, all of you, all of them) To sled down a hill, to ride on a sled, to go sledding To slide on ice To ski, to go skiing to slip on ice (He slipped on the ice. — Он поскользнулся на льду.) To take pictures, photos

4. Moscow After New Year’s I flew from Kurgan to Moscow. In Moscow I met my friends Ella and Rachel. We spent three days in Moscow where we stayed in a hostel downtown.

5. Train!!! Then we traveled by train from Moscow to Irkutsk. The trip from Moscow to Irkutsk took (lasted) three and a half (3.5) days. We passed through many beautiful and interesting cities. Everywhere we looked there was ice and snow but it was wonderful to see.

6. Irkutsk We spent two days in Irkutsk. We met a professor from Irkutsk State Linguistic University and his student there. Nastia showed us around the city and was very friendly and helpful. There was a lot of ice everywhere and we slipped on it.

7. Baikal We took a bus to Lake Baikal, where we spent the day sliding on the frozen lake, taking pictures and eating in the cafes around the lake. I bought a few smoked omul and we also visited the Baikal museum where we saw Baikal seals swimming in an aquarium.

8. Train Again!!! After staying in Irkutsk for two days, we traveled by train to Vladivostok. The trip took another three days and by the end I was ready to say goodbye to the train!

9. Vladivostok Finally we arrived in Vladivostok at the edge of the Pacific Ocean. We visited several museums in the city and because we had become experienced at walking on ice we decided to walk on the frozen ocean there too.

10. Nizhny Novgorod Rachel flew home to Oregon from Vladivostok. Ella and I flew to Nizhny Novgorod. We visited the Kremlin, the Church of the Nativity of Our Lady ( Церковь Собора Пресвятой Богородицы ) and the Gorky museum.

11. Kazan Ella and I then traveled by train from Nizhny Novgorod to Kazan. In Kazan we met other English teachers and walked around the city together.

12. Back to Moscow!!! Then we all returned to Moscow for a conference. I got (became) sick and spent most of the time in bed in the hotel, but it was nice to see the other teachers (and Moscow) again.

13. Now it’s your turn! Please tell the class how you spent your winter vacation. Did you travel anywhere? Did your relatives come to visit you? How did you celebrate New Year’s Eve? Old New Year? The second Old New Year? How would you like to celebrate New Year’s if you were very rich? ( Как вы бы отметили Новый год, если бы вы были богатым ?)

14. Grammar Topic “would” would for unreal situations (would употребляется в нереальных ситуациях ( случаях )) The word would is used for unreal or imagined situations ( Слово “would” употребляется в нереальных или воображаемых случаях ): 'I would love to visit New York.' ( Я бы хотела посетить Нью Йорк.) 'She would like to be professional footballer.‘ ( Она бы хотела стать профессиональном футболистом.) 'We would go, but we are too busy.‘ ( Мы бы пошли, но мы слишком заняты.)

15. would as a past tense (would в качестве вспомогательного глагола в сочетании с формой инфинитива для образования форм будущего времени в прошедшем ) Would and wouldn't are the past tense of will and won't. (Would и wouldn’t формы прошедших времен will и won’t.) An example of this using direct and reported speech ( Образцы с прямой и косвенной речь.) Andrew: 'I will be late.' ( Я опоздаю.) (direct speech) 'Andrew said that he would be late.'(reported speech) ( Эндрю сказал что он опоздает.)

16. would in conditional sentences Would is used again for unreal or hypothetical situations in the 2nd and 3rd conditionals (would употребляется в главной части условных предложений второго и третьего типа ): 2nd Conditional: 'If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.‘ ( Если бы я выиграла лотерею, я бы путешествовала по всему миру.) 3rd Conditional: 'If I had worked harder, I would have passed the test.‘ ( Если бы я больше работала, я бы сдала экзамен.)

17. Other uses of “would” would not as 'to refuse‘ Wouldn't (would not) is used to show that someone refused to do something (would (would not/ wouldn’t) употребляется в отрицательных предложениях для выражениях упорного нежелания совершить действие в прошлом ): He tried to persuade me but I wouldn’t listen to him. ( Он старался убедить меня, но я не хотел его слушать.) I asked him several times to give up smoking, but he wouldn’t. ( Я несколько раз просил его бросить курить, но он не хотел.)

18. would for past actions Would can be used to talk about actions that repeated in the past. It is used in the same context as used to (would употребляется для выражения повторного действия в прошлом в значении бывало. В этом случае приближается по значению к used to): 'When I was young I would do my homework every evening.‘ ( Когда я была молодой, я бывало делала домашнее задание каждый вечер.) He would sit for hours on the shore and look at the sea. ( Он бывало сидел часами на берегу и смотрел на море.)

19. “would” for requests and polite speech “would” is used in requests to make the request more polite (would употребляется для выражения просьбы и вежливости.) Would you mind passing me the salt? ( Будьте добры передать мне соль.) (Please pass the salt.) “would” is also used instead of “want” to make speech more polite Would you like to go to the movies (cinema)? ( Вы хотели бы пойти в кино ?) Would you more cake? ( Вы хотели бы ещё торт ?)

20. Exercises using “would” I _____ come and see you if I _____ live so far away. If I had enough money, I _____ buy that car. You _____ know Russian better if you practiced speaking more. I _____ like to go to Japan someday. ______ you like some more tea?

21. Restate these sentences using “would” ( Переформулируйте эти предложения употребляя “would”) I want to go to France this summer. I want some tea. Do you want to go with me? I want to buy some coffee. He wants more milk. I want to become a doctor after I graduate. She wants to buy new tights.