1. ‘All understanding begins with our not accepting
‘All understanding begins with our not accepting the world as it appears.’
— Alan C. Kay

2. invent Design of a programming language for children By Pranav Mistry
Guided by
Prof. Ravi Poovaiah

3. I want to design a . . . Programming language for children
n. pl. of child
Child n. 1: A person between birth and puberty.
2: An unborn infant; a fetus.
3: One who is childish or immature.
Programming language for children
n. 1: Setting an order and time for planned events 2: Creating a sequence of instructions to enable the computer to do something
n. 1: (a) Communication of thoughts and feelings through a system of arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols.
(b) Such a system including its rules for combining its components, such as words.
2: (a) A system of signs, symbols, gestures, or rules used in communicating: the language of algebra.

4. I explored . . . Programming languages How children think and learn?
Views on child behavior, learning and psychology
Books
Papers
Projects
My thoughts …

5. programming Language Programming languages – A
*LISP *MOD {log} 20-GATE 2.PAK 3-LISP 473L Query 9PAC A A# A+ A0 A0[2] AACC AADL[1] AADL[2] AAL[1] AAL[2] AAL VL AAS Macro ABAP/4 ABC[1] ABC[2] ABC ALGOL ABCL/1 ABCL/c+ ABCL/R ABCL/R2 Abel[1] ABEL[2] ABEL[3] ABLE ABSET ABSYS 1 Abundance
ACCEL Accent Access ACE ACL[1] ACL[2] ACOM ACOS ACP ACT++ ACT ONE Act1 Act2 Act3 Actalk Active Language I Actor Actors Actra Actus Acumen Ada Ada-83 Ada-95 Ada++ Ada' ADAM ADAMCL Ada-O Adaplex ADAPT AdaTran ADD 1 TO COBOL GIVING COBOL ADELE
ADES ADL[1] ADL[2] ADL[3] ADL[4] AdLog ADM ADR/DL ADR/IDEAL/PDL ADS AdvSys ADW AE AED Aeolus AESOP[1] Aesop[2] AFAC AFML AgenTalk AGORA AHDL[1] AHDL[2] AHPL AID AIDA[1] AIDA[2] AIMACO AIML[1] AIML[2] AGP-L AKCL AKL AL[1] AL[2]
ALADIN[1] ALADIN[2] ALAM Alan A-language ALC Alcool-90 ALCOR Aldat ALDES ALDiSP ALEC ALEF ALEPH[1] Aleph[2] Alex[1] Alex[2] Alexis ALF Alfl Algae ALGEBRAIC ALGOL ALGOL 58 ALGOL 60 ALGOL 60 Modified ALGOL 60 Revised ALGOL 68 ALGOL 68-R ALGOL 68 Revised ALGOL 68C ALGOL 68RS ALGOL 68S ALGOL C ALGOL D
ALGOL N ALGOL W ALGOL X ALGOL Y ALGY ALIAS ALJABR Alki ALLOY ALM ALMA ALP ALPACA ALPAK ALPHA[1] ALPHA[2] Alphard[1] AlpHard[2] ALPS[1] ALPS[2] ALTAC ALTRAN A-MaCCS Amanda Amber[1] Amber[2] AMBIT AMBIT/G AMBIT/L AMBIT/S AMBUSH AML[1] AML[2] AML[3] ACPI Machine
Language AML/E AMP AMPL[1] AMPL[2] AMPLE AMPPL-II AMTRAN ANCP ANDF Andorra-I Andorra-Prolog Animus Anna ANSWER/DB ANTLR APAL APAREL APDL APESE Aphrodite APL APL2 APLGOL APPLE AppleScript Applesoft BASIC APPLOG APRIL APS APSE APT APTools APX III AQL
Arago ARC ARCHI Arctic ARENA ARES Argus Ariel ARITH-MATIC ARITY ART ART-IM Artemis ARTSPEAK ASDIMPL ASDL[1] ASDL[2] ASF Ashmedai ASIS ASIC ASL[1] ASL ASM ASN ASP AspecT ASPOL ASPEN ASPIK Aspirin ASPLE ASSEMBLY AS/SET ….

6. programming Language
More than 3,000 programming languages

7. programming Language More than 3,000 programming languages
Genetic classification
1957 FORTRAN
1958 ALGOL
1960 LISP
1960 COBOL
1962 APL
1962 SIMULA
1964 BASIC
1964 PL/I
1966 ISWIM
1970 Prolog
1972 C
1975 Pascal
1975 Scheme
1977 OPS5
1978 CSP
1978 FP
1980 dBASE II
1983 Smalltalk-80
1983 Ada
1983 Parlog
1984 Standard ML
1986 C++ …

8. programming Language More than 3,000 programming languages
Genetic classification
Generic classification
Logic programming languages
Functional programming languages Imperative programming languages Concurrent programming languages
Object-oriented programming languages Structural programming languages …

9. programming Language More than 3,000 programming languages
Genetic classification
Generic classification
Classification from users’ perspective?

10. programming Language More than 3,000 programming languages
Genetic classification
Generic classification
Classification from users’ perspective?
Kids and programming
Smalltalk, LOGO, JUDO, Basic, …

11. Children, thinking and learning
How children think and learn?
Interaction with children
MARBO
‘Ghost in the machine’ ACT computer center, NIIT
Teaching table-tennis
5th std. Computer class at VidyaMandir, Palanpur
New Era school, Mumbai
Kendriya Vidyalaya, IIT Bombay

12. From Pavlov to Piaget and from Papert to Pranav
Ivan Pavlov
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
J. Bruner
Seymour Papert …
I think …

13. Why… A medium to think Constructivism and Constructionism
The language to communicate
Learning problem solving
Learning how to learn …

14. For …
Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 yrs.)

15. Imagine . . . Explore . . . learn Role playing World Creation
Storytelling
Do, Relate, Perform
Learning by experiencing
Learning by exploring
Learning by failing

16. Ideas…
“I think I know ‘how to do’ something. I want to learn ‘what to do’.”
Prototype based approach to Object-Oriented Programming One can create something (objects)
Create worlds Animate worlds
Modify, Share, redefine,… objects
Strategies, challenges, problems, ….learning Visual programming environment ? …
A medium to think and explore

17. References
Papert on Piaget. Papert, Seymour. “Papert on Piaget.” Time (March 29, 1999): p (accessed February 07, 2005).
Ghost in the Machine: Seymour Papert on How Computers Fundamentally Change the Way Kids Learn. Interview of Seymour Papert by Dan Schwartz. (accessed February 01, 2005).
How children think and learn Wood, D. How children think and learn: Understanding children’s worlds. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell. 1988
Mindstorms
Papert, Seymour. Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas. Basic Books. New York. 1980
Effects of Computer Programming on Young Children's Cognition
Clement, D., and Gullo, D. "Effects of Computer Programming on Young Children's Cognition," Journal of Educational Psychology (vol. 76, no. 6). 1984
Child Power: Keys to the New Learning of the Digital Century Lecture by Seymour Papert. The eleventh Colin Cherry Memorial Lecture on Communication on June 2, 1998, at the Imperial College in London Prototype-Based Programming: Concepts, Languages and Applications by James Noble, Antero Taivalsaari, Ivan Moore

18. References …continued
History of Programming Languages-II Bergin, Thomas J. and Richard G. Gibson, eds. History of Programming Languages-II. New York: ACM Press, 1996.
Cultivating Minds: A Logo Casebook Sylvia Weir, Cultivating Minds: A Logo Casebook. New York: Harper & Row, 1987
Watch What I Do: Programming by Demonstration Edited by Allen Cypher. The MIT Press. 1993
Programmers at Work: Interviews With 19 Programmers Who Shaped the Computer Industry by Susan Lammers. Tempus Books. 1989
Into the world of the “really not real”. Sen, Ajanta and Poovaiah, Ravi. Into the world of the “really not real”. Leveraging a child’s make-belief abilities for design clues to build a cross-cultural collaborative environment on the Internet.
LEGO serious play (accessed February 01, 2005).
To Understand Is To Invent Piaget, J. (1972). To Understand Is To Invent. New York: The Viking Press, Inc. Piaget’s Constructivism, Papert’s Constructionism: What’s the difference? Ackerman, Edith, Piaget´s Constructivism, Papert’s Constructionism, What’s the Difference? …

19. Next . . .
“Design is not just what it looks like and feels like Design is how it works.” Steve Jobs
Ideation
Design
Implementation
Evaluate
Iterate …
& … I want suggestions from you

20. Acknowledgements Prof. Ravi Poovaiah Srini Koppulu
Dr. Ajanta Sen Poovaiah
Perry (Perraju Bendapudi)
Niranjan
Kirti Mistry (My father)
Amisha Banker
Microsoft India R&D Ltd
All the kids of the world …

21. Imagine Design of a programming language for children By Pranav Mistry
Guided by
Prof. Ravi Poovaiah

22. Explore Design of a programming language for children By Pranav Mistry
Guided by
Prof. Ravi Poovaiah

23. & Learn Design of a programming language for children By Pranav Mistry
Guided by
Prof. Ravi Poovaiah

24. Thanks
“ The best way to predict the future is to invent it. ” Alan C. Kay