1. The Imperative tense: Commands
Spanish 3, Textbook pages

2. Commands allow you to give a direct order
Commands allow you to give a direct order. There are several kinds of commands:
Formal (Usted and Ustedes)
Informal (Tú and Vosotros/as)
Nosotros/as
Here we will only focus on Tú, Ud and Uds, positive and negative.

3. Formal commands Formation:
Affirmative and Negative formal commands are derived from the present subjunctive so they are formed by starting with the yo form of the present tense, and interchanging the – AR and –ER/ -IR endings. Él/ella/Ud endings will work for the formal UD command, and ellos/ellas/Uds endings will work for the Uds (or you plural) command. Present tense stem changes apply as well as any present tense verb that has an irregularity in the yo form.

4. Examples: Infinitive Yo form Present Alt. Ending UD command
Uds. command
Hablar
Hablo
-e/-en
Hable Ud.
Hablen Uds
Comer
Como
-a/-an
Coma Ud.
Coman Uds
Cerrar
Cierro
Cierre Ud.
Cierren Uds
Tener
Tengo
Tenga Ud.
Tengan Uds
Conducir
Conduzco
Conduzca
Conduzcan
Dormir
Duermo
Duerma Ud
Duerman Uds

5. Negative Formal Commands
Formation of Negative Commands:
To make the command negative, just add the word “no” before the conjugated command.
Example:
¡No hablen Uds. cuando la maestra está enseñando!
(Don’t talk when the teacher is teaching!)

6. Irregular Formal Commands
Infinitive
Ud. Command
Uds. Command
Ir (to go)
Vaya Ud.
Vayan Uds.
Ser (to be)
Sea Ud.
Sean Uds.
Estar (to be)
Esté Ud.
Estén Uds.
Dar (to give)
Dé Ud.
Den Uds.
Saber (to know)
Sepa Ud.
Sepan Uds.

7. Car/Gar/Zar Spelling change:
*Note that the following verbs are regular, but they have a spelling change in the command form.
Infinitive
Ud Command
Uds. Command
Tocar
Toque Ud.
Toquen Uds.
Picar
Pique Ud.
Piquen Uds.
Jugar
Juegue Ud.
Jueguen Uds.
Pagar
Pague Ud.
Paguen Uds.
Agregar
Agregue Ud.
Agreguen Uds.
Empezar
Empiece Ud.
Empiecen Uds.

8. Informal Commands
1. Negative informal commands for tú and vosotros are derived from the present subjunctive. This means you start in the yo form of the present indicative, drop the “o” and add opposite endings.
Examples: Tú
Vosotros
No compres más.
No compréis más.
No digas eso.
No digáis eso.

9. Informal negative commands
The endings for tú are:
AR verbs- es
ER and IR verbs- as
The endings for the vosotros are:
AR verbs- éis
ER and IR verbs- áis

10. Irregular Tú negative commands
There are 6 irregular negative familiar commands:
Ir – no vayas Dar- no des
Ser – no seas Estar-no estés
Saber- no sepas

11. Informal Affirmative Commands
The Affirmative informal commands for tú and vosotros(as) have their own endings. The affirmative informal commands are derived from the present indicative tú form minus the person ending –s.
Present Ind.
Command
Meaning
Contestas el teléfono.
Contesta el teléfono.
Answer the phone.

12. Tú affirmative commands
The endings are:
AR verbs- a
ER and IR verbs- e
The irregular affirmative tú commands are
Decir – Di Poner - Pon
Tener – Ten Ser – Sé
Venir – Ven Hacer- Haz
Ir – Ve Salir- Sal

13. Placement of pronouns
Pronouns (reflexive, indirect or direct) must be placed at the end and attached to an affirmative command. Watch your accents 
Siéntate= sit down.
Dámelo= give it to me
Pronouns (reflexive, indirect or direct) must be placed before a negative command and is not attached.
No te sientes. = Don’t sit down
No me lo des. = Don’t give it to me.

14. Practice (Informal commands)
Infinitive
+ Tú Command
- Tú Command
Aprender
Abrir
Pensar
Decir
Tener
Venir
Empezar
Ser
Cortar Ir

15. Practice 3: Formal Commands
Infinitive
Usted
Ustedes
Servir
Querer
Venir
Doblar
Escuchar
Comer
Poner
Hacer
Dormir
Conocer
*How would you make these commands negative?

16. Tarea:
Textbook pages , EX 4-11