1. ENTANGLED INTEGRITY: HOW PROFITS FROM GAMBLING DISTORT OUR KNOWLEDGE BASE Peter J. Adams School of Population Health

2. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Gambling Expenditure (losses) in NZ Source: NZ Department of Internal Affairs ( Excluding bingo & raffles) WORRY Helpers Profit Industry Profit Operating Expenses

3. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014

5. Money is the Key Driver  Addictive consumptions potent profit generators  Misled by constructions of the neo-liberal autonomous consumer  Need focus on main driver, ie. money

6. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Power of Addiction Surplus ProductionCosts ConsumerSurplus AddictionSurplus PotentCombination

7. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 PROFITPROFIT NOT MUCH HEAPS LOW HIGH ADDICTIVE NON-ADDICTIVE

8. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Profit Consumers MANUFACTURERS DISTRIBUTORS COMMUNITY GROUPS GOVERNMENT HELPERS & RESEARCHERS

9. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Researchers Accepting Gambling Profits by… Direct TransferDirect Transfer Ethical sanitizing practicesEthical sanitizing practices

10. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Researchers Accepting Gambling Profits by… Ethical sanitizing practicesEthical sanitizing practices  Structural de-coupling

11. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Division on Addictions (Cambridge Health Alliance, teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School) Gamblers & Problem Gamblers Gambling Operators Division of Addiction (US$7) Division of Addiction (US$7) Institute for Research on Gambling Disorders National Centre for Responsible Gambling Other Gambling Researchers T1 T5T4 T3 T2

12. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Researchers Accepting Gambling Profits by… Ethical sanitizing practicesEthical sanitizing practices  Structural de-coupling  Tripartite partnership committees

13. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 GOVERNMENTSECTOR GAMBLINGINDUSTRY HEALTHSECTOR Tripartite Partnership Model No one wants the problems Work Cooperatively Combine different capacities

14. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 HEALTHSECTOR GOVT.SECTOR GAMB.INDS. Host Responsibility SocialMarketing Harm Minimization

15. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 HEALTHSECTOR GOVT.SECTOR GAMB.INDS.

16. HEALTHSECTOR GOVERNMENTSECTOR Non-Association Model Need to stay independent Contact brokered by government GAMBLINGINDUSTRIES Unacceptable conflicts of interest

17. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Researchers Accepting Gambling Profits by… Ethical sanitizing practicesEthical sanitizing practices  Structural de-coupling  Tripartite partnership committees  Independent panel of experts  Peer review

18. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Relationships of Desire Opportunities for fundingOpportunities for funding Fame, influence, income, doing good….Fame, influence, income, doing good…. “My piece of the action”“My piece of the action”

19. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014

21. Ostrich Response “I didn’t really see that!”“I didn’t really see that!” “We’ve done so much work already”“We’ve done so much work already” “Let’s just pretend”“Let’s just pretend”

22. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Bargaining Response “Maybe it’s not that bad”“Maybe it’s not that bad” “Gambling has its positive sides”“Gambling has its positive sides” “Only a small number have problems”“Only a small number have problems”

23. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Missionary Response “Money is sitting there”“Money is sitting there” “This funding will save lives”“This funding will save lives” “If we don’t get it, somebody else less deserving will”“If we don’t get it, somebody else less deserving will”

24. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Macho Response “Be realistic”“Be realistic” “To get things done you need to make some unpopular choices”“To get things done you need to make some unpopular choices” “You have to be in to win”“You have to be in to win”

25. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Desire vs Values Messages favoured my ambitionsMessages favoured my ambitions Ethical perspective minimisedEthical perspective minimised Need an outside reference point to gauge my viewsNeed an outside reference point to gauge my views

26. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 5 Relationship Risks 1 Ethical Risks 4 Governance Risks 3 Reputational Risks 2 Contributory Risks

27. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 1 Ethical Risks Benefiting from Deprived & Addicted Benefiting from Deprived & Addicted Exploiting Vulnerable Groups Exploiting Vulnerable Groups Money Derived From Harm Money Derived From Harm

28. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 2 Contributory Risk Contributing to Sales Contributing to Sales Improving Public Profile Improving Public Profile Positive view of Policy Makers Positive view of Policy Makers

29. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 3 Reputational Risks Judgement of Colleagues Judgement of Colleagues Funders Judgement of Funders Stakeholders Judgement of Stakeholders

30. How to work out when a relationship is too risky?

31. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014  Relations to gambling profits generate conflicts of interest  Consuming profits contributes to increased demand  Once consumed once, more likely to consume again  On-going profit consumption could lead to dependency

32. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014

33. Intensity of Relationship Continuum of Moral Jeopardy

34. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 OIL LOTTERIES POKIES TOBACCO ARMAMENTS

35. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Low Risk Moderate Risk High Risk Extremely Primary Concern

36. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Intensity Indicators P urpose E xtent R elevant-harm I dentifiers L ink

37. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 LOWRISKMODRISKHIGHRISK EXTR. H. RISK Group 1: A public health researcher receiving funds directly from a casino in publicly visible way. Group 2: A sports club receiving half its income from gambling machines Group 3: A church charity providing emergency housing that receives a small amount of funding from housie Group 4: A performing arts organisation receiving a small grant anonymously from lotteries

38. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Around the Corner…. Learn from other addictive consumptionsLearn from other addictive consumptions Addiction industry studiesAddiction industry studies

39. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 profit ops tax profit ops produc- tion taxes ASSOCIATIONS levy body politicians PUBLICPUBLIC PUBLICPUBLIC PR FIRMS AD AGENCIES CHARITIES CONSULTANTS RESEARCHERS OWNERS RETAILERS/WHOLESALERS LOCAL/FOREIGNMANUFACTURERS GOVERNMENT lobbying promotion gifting expertise academic LEGAL/ ACCOUNTANCY

40. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Around the Corner…. Learn from other addictive consumptionsLearn from other addictive consumptions Addiction industry studiesAddiction industry studies Ethical consciousness raisingEthical consciousness raising Ethical benchmarks & codes of practiceEthical benchmarks & codes of practice

41. GAMBLING & iNTEGRITY : LONDON 2014 Adams, P. J. (2007). Assessing whether to receive funding support from tobacco, alcohol, gambling and other dangerous consumption industries. Addiction, 102(7), 1027–1033. Adams, P. J. (2009). Redefining the gambling problem: The production and consumption of gambling profits. Gambling Research, 21(1), 51-54. Livingstone, C; Adams, P.J. (2011) Harm promotion: observations on the symbiosis between government and private industries in Australasia for the development of highly accessible gambling markets, Addiction, 106(1), 3-8. Adams, P., Buetow, S. & Rossen F. (2010) Poisonous Partnerships: Health Sector Buy-In to Arrangements with Government and Addictive Consumption Industries, Addiction, 105, 585-590. Adams, P.J., Raeburn, J. & De Silva, K. (2009) A question of balance: Prioritizing public health responses to harm from gambling. Addiction, 104, 688-691 Adams, P.J. (2013) Addiction industry studies: Understanding how proconsumption influences block effective interventions. American Journal of Public Health, 103(4), e35-8.