1. America as a World Power, 1899-1914
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2. By 1899, America… Controlled Cuba
American Possessions in the Pacific, 1899
Controlled Cuba
Owned Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines
Gained control of several Pacific islands
And had become a WORLD POWER!
Glencoe, p. 415

3. From 1899 to 1914, American imperialism took a variety of forms:
Negotiation and diplomacy
Economic incentives
Military might
Sometimes all three at once!

4. Open the Word document America as a World Power, 1899-1914
When you see this icon,
go to the document and
answer the questions.
As you go through the slides think, how did America justify her actions?

5. CHINA
By 1894, Japan had defeated China in a war and gained territory in Manchuria. In response, European countries demanded that China lease exclusive territory to each of them.
Leasing a territory meant that it would still belong to China, even though a foreign government would maintain overall control in that region.

6. China Sphere of Influence Each lease became known as a
An area where a foreign nation controlled economic development such as railroad construction and mining

7. A French cartoon from the late 1890’s
What are the kings and queens of Europe holding in their hands?
What are they doing to CHINE?
What does the expression on the face of the Chinese man tell you?
China Imperialism

8. Open Door Policy
American businessmen wanted to expand into China’s vast markets, but had no way to enter them! European nations already had carved out their pieces.
President McKinley and Secretary of State John Hay both supported what they called an Open Door Policy, in which all countries should be allowed to trade with China.
Department of Commerce and Labor: Children’s Bureau. View of the Gorenflo Canning Co. taken at 7 A.M., 03/06/ Retrieved June 29, 2009 from

9. Boxer Rebellion
Secret societies in China resented foreign domination of their economy and Western attempts to convert Chinese citizens to Christianity.
They began plotting to force the foreigners out of China.
Westerners called these groups “Boxers” because many of them practiced martial arts.
A Chinese "Boxer," 1900.
Chinese Boxer in the boxer rebellion circa 1900(NARA 111-SC-83087) 1900Part

10. Boxer Rebellion
In 1900, the Boxers attacked foreign embassies in Beijing, killing over 200.
The event became known as the Boxer Rebellion.

11. Boxer Rebellion
An international force, including U.S. troops, ended the rebellion.
China was forced to pay reparations (war damages), but avoided being divided into colonies.
The Open Door Policy remained in effect.
Boxer Troops
Western and Japanese Navy troops
during the Boxer Rebellion, 1900.
U.S. Marines in Boxer Rebellion. Circa nara.gov.html

12. Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt
On September 6, 1901, President McKinley was shot by an anarchist and died a few days later.
Theodore Roosevelt , age 42, became the youngest American president.
Reece, B. Carroll. Theodore Roosevelt, ca ca Retrieved June 29, 2009 from

13. Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt
Roosevelt believed that being a world power would keep America strong and prosperous.
He also believed that America had a duty to civilize third world countries.
In his typical active fashion, Roosevelt took steps to increase American power.

14. Big Stick Diplomacy Roosevelt was fond of this African proverb:
“Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”
His foreign policy became known as the Big Stick Diplomacy or Gunboat Diplomacy.

15. Roosevelt Corollary
When some European nations threatened to send troops to the Caribbean and Latin America to collect debts, Roosevelt announced the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine in A corollary is an addition.
The Roosevelt Corollary said that the U.S. would intervene in foreign affairs in the Western hemisphere, if necessary, to maintain peace.

16. Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt collected the debts for the European
countries.
The Corollary made the US. the policeman of the Western Hemisphere!
Uncle Sam, the Debt Collector

17. Big Stick or Gunboat Diplomacy
He believed that showing American military power would keep world peace.
This is one of the reasons he sent the “Great White Fleet” (the US gunboat Fleet) on a world tour.

18. 20 ports of call, including Japan
The Great White Fleet
The Great White Fleet was 16 battleships that went on a 43,000 mile , 14 month trip around the world.
20 ports of call, including Japan
This was Big Stick ( Gunboat) Diplomacy in action!
Concord (Gunboat 3). Starboard bow, Retrieved June 29, 2009 from

19. Teddy Roosevelt
On your worksheet list three examples of how Teddy Roosevelt expanded America’s involvement in foreign affairs.
Overall, was Roosevelt more of a bully or a peacemaker? Explain your answer.
You might want to talk about his receiving the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to settle the Russo-Japanese war in 1905.

20. President Taft
Taft continued Roosevelt’s policies but preferred to focus on economics, not the military.
Taft tries on Big Stick Diplomacy

21. President Taft
He advocated using dollar diplomacy: encouraging American business expansion to underdeveloped countries, which would make both countries prosperous.
It would also lessen the motivation for a country to go to war with the America.
Give an example of dollar diplomacy.
Taft vowed to support U.S. businesses with military support, if necessary

22. President Wilson
Wilson opposed imperialism and believed that America must set a good example for the world by promoting democracy abroad.
He based his foreign policy on his moral ideology.
Department of Defense. Woodrow Wilson, ca – Retrieved June 29, 2009 from

23. Woodrow Wilson Nonetheless, Wilson intervened twice in Mexico!
In 1914, he sent American troops to Mexico to try to overthrow the new leader, a dictator named Victoriano Huerta.
To his surprise, anti-American riots broke out!

24. Backlash to US Interference In Mexico
In 1916, the Mexican folk hero Pancho Villa led a raid on Columbus, New Mexico.
Fourteen American soldiers were killed.
Wilson ordered 10,000 soldiers into Mexico to find Villa.

25. Woodrow Wilson
The hunt was unsuccessful, and Wilson had to recall the troops to prepare for the looming hostilities in Europe.
Villa was never captured.
“I’ve Had About Enough of
This”, by Clifford Berryman, 1916

26. How did America justify her foreign policy?
Team player ?
Policeman ?
Bully ?
Review your notes on the foreign policy spectrum, if needed!

27. Create a cartoon for each of the following:
Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion
Roosevelt Corollary

28. Works Cited
Appleby, Joyce, and Brinkley, Alan. The American Republic Since st. New York:
Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 2003.
Berryman, Clifford. "I've had about enough of this." Berryman Political Cartoon Collection Jul 2008 <
Chinese Boxer in the boxer rebellion circa 1900(NARA 111-SC-83087) 1900Part
"China Imperialism.13 May Jul
"Taft Tries on Big Stick Diplomacy." Theodore Roosevelt Collection Dickinson State University. 23 Jul 2008 <
"Uncle Sam, the Debt Collector." Theodore Roosevelt Collection Dickinson State University. 22 Jul 2008 <
“U.S. Marines in the boxer rebellion” circa 1900(NARA 111-SC-83087) 1900Part
Woodrow Wilson: