1. Homework checking 4.2. Count & Noncount nouns 1. C - N 2. C - N
5. N - N - C
6. C - C
7. N - N
8. N
9. C
10. C - N

2. Homework checking 4.5. Specific and Generic reference 1. G - G
2. S - S
3. S - G - G
4. S - G
5. G - G
11. Progressive aspect
6. S - S
7. G - G
8. S - G
9. S - G
10. S - S

3. Homework checking 4.6. Use of the articles 1. The - X 11. the - the
2. X - X
3. The - the - the - X
4. X - X
5. X - X
6. a - the - X - the - a/the
7. The - a - X
8. the - a - a
9. X - a/the - X
10. a
11. the - the
12. the/X - X
13. A
14. The
15. X
16. a
17. The
18. an
19. the
20. the

4. Homework checking 4.12. Uses of the genitive
1. The departure of the plane
2. The capture of the lion
3. The man's cake
4. The men's store
5. The city of Chicago
6. The team's coach
7. The one week's vacation
8. The hand of the clock
9. The man's dog
10. that of Jim's
11. a student of Plato's
12. The doctor's office

5. Homework checking Exercise 69 2. It 3. their 4. them 5. it 6. one
7. which 8. we 9. The 10. this/the
11. an 12. their 13. their/the 14. they
15. the 16. a 17. what 18. which
19. us 20. its 21. It 22. their
23. we/one 24. their 25. It 26. they
27. them 28. the 29. this/the
30. their

6. E_English Grammar Course
Unit 3
NOUN PHRASE (cont.)

7. Issues NOUN PHRASE Basic NP Complex NP Determiners Modification
Predeterminers
Central determiners
Postdeterminers
Complex NP
Modification
Premodification
Postmodification
Multiple modification

8. Noun phrases Noun Phrase
= typically constructed by either a noun or a pronoun as the head & other constituents as modifiers
Noun
Phrase
Basic NP
Complex NP
Eg. A nice girl leaning against the wall

9. Noun phrases
Noun Phrase
Basic NP
Complex NP

10. Basic Noun phrases Basic NP (Determiners) Head noun +
E.g.: All these pupils

11. Determiners
= words of close-system used before a N to “determine” the precise meaning of the N
Determiners
Pre-determiners
Central determiners
Post-determiners

12. Determiners Determiners Pre-determiners all, both, half
mutually exclusive
E.g.: all girls, both girls
BUT NOT:
all both girls
multipliers
fractions
such, what

13. Determiners Determiners Pre-determiners all, both, half
+ before: articles (a, an, the, zero article)
E.g.: all the time
possessive determiners (my, his, her, etc.)
E.g.: both his sisters
demonstrative determiners (this, that, etc.)
E.g.: half those days
+ not before: quantitative determiners (no, each,
any, some, enough, (n)either, every)

14. Determiners Determiners Pre-determiners all, both, half
+ take partitive “of-phrases” optional with nouns
E.g.: all (of) the time
obligatory with pronouns
E.g.: all of them, both of us, half of it
+ “all, both”: occur after the head, either immediately or after the operator
E.g.: They (all) were (all) accepted.

15. Once, twice, three times, double, etc.
Determiners
Determiners
Once, twice, three times, double, etc.
Pre-determiners
multipliers
+ used to denote the quantity of the nouns
E.g.: twice her age, double their salaries
+ occur with the determiners “a, every, each and per” to indicate frequency
E.g.: once a week, twice every day, three times each year

16. Determiners Determiners Pre-determiners
(one-third, two-fifths, three-quarters, etc.)
Pre-determiners
fraction
+ the fractions have the alternative of- construction.
E.g.: He took only two-thirds of the books.
+ the indefinite article can replace ‘one’.
E.g.: He did it in one-third / a third (of) the time it took me.

17. Determiners Determiners Pre-determiners Such/ what
+ occur before the head noun
+ “such”: combined with “all, quantifiers, cardinal numbers”
E.g.: What/ Such a surprise!
no/many/41 such incidents

18. Central Determiners Determiners
6 classes based on their co-occurrence with the noun classes (singular count, plural count, and non-count)
Central determiners
(1)
the,
possessive,
wh-words,
Some, any
(stressed), no
(2)
zero article
some, any
(unstressed)
enough
(3)
a(n)
every
each
Either
neither
(4)
this
that
(5)
these
those
(6)
much

19. Central Determiners (See more in 4.5)
Central Determiners in respect to their co-occurrence with the noun classes
COUNT NON-COUNT
SINGULAR
PLURAL
bottle
furniture
bottles
(See more in 4.5)

20. Central Determiners Determiners Central determiners  (1) the,
possessive,
wh-words,
some, any
(stressed), no
E.g.: - Do you want me to turn off the light?
- I love my family.
- What colour do you like?
- I have some friends in London.
- I won’t give this pen to any student.
- She has no idea at all.

21. Central Determiners Determiners Central determiners
(2)
zero article,
some, any
(unstressed)
enough
E.g.: - Love is not everything.
- I want some beer, please.
- Have we got any wine for tonight?
- I did not have enough time to do this.

22. Central Determiners Determiners Central determiners
(3)
a(n)
every
each
either
neither
E.g.: - My friend gave me a flower / an apple.
- I want to ask each/every person individually.
- You can put it on either table.
- Neither party accepted such a proposal.

23. Central Determiners Determiners Central determiners
(4)
this
that 
E.g.: This chair is mine and that table is yours.
I can’t stand this silence.

24. Central Determiners Determiners Central determiners
(5)
these
those 
E.g.: - Did you read these stories yesterday?
- Have you seen those girls?

25. Central Determiners Determiners Central determiners
(6)
much 
E.g.: He wants much sugar in his coffee.

26. Central Determiners Determiners Post determiners Cardinal numerals
Ordinal numerals/general ordinals
Close-system quantifiers
Open-class quantifiers

27. Central Determiners Determiners Post determiners
Cardinal numerals
include: one, two, three, etc.
E.g.: my three son
his two books
Ordinal numerals/general ordinals
Close-system quantifiers
Open-class quantifiers

28. Central Determiners Determiners Post determiners
Cardinal numerals
ordinal numerals: first,second,
third, etc.
general ordinals: next, last, past, (an)other, additional, further
E.g.: the first time
another candidate
Ordinal numerals/general ordinals
Close-system quantifiers
Open-class quantifiers

29. Central Determiners Determiners Post determiners
Cardinal numerals
before count Ns: many, (a) few, several
before non-count Ns: much, (a) little
E.g.: a few words
much stress
Ordinal numerals/general ordinals
Close-system quantifiers
Open-class quantifiers

30. Central Determiners Determiners Post determiners
include: a lot of, a great deal of, lots of, a good number of, etc.
verbs has number concord with the second nouns, not the quantity nouns (lot, deal, lots, plenty, etc.)
E.g.: Lots of food was on the table.
There was a lot of food on the table.
Cardinal numerals
Ordinal numerals/general ordinals
Close-system quantifiers
Open-class quantifiers

31. Noun phrases
Noun Phrase
Basic NP
Complex NP

32. Complex noun phrase Complex NP Pre-modification Post-modification +
Head noun +
E.g.: All the pupils playing football

33. Modification Modification function status Restrictive Permanent
Non-restrictive
Temporary

34. Modification Modification helps identify the head & indicate a
limitation on the possible reference of the
head
tends to come after the head
tends to be given more prosodic emphasis
than the head
E.g.: The flowers in your garden are nice.
He visited his aunt who often lent
him money.
function
status
Restrictive
Permanent
Non-restrictive
Temporary

35. Modification Modification gives additional information to the head
but is not essential for identifying the
head
the reference: unique or as member of a
class that has been independently identified
tends to come before the head
tends to be unstressed in pre-head position
E.g.: The book, which I gave you yesterday,
is quite readable. (member of a class)
She is his poor, old mother. (unique)
function
status
Restrictive
Permanent
Non-restrictive
Temporary

36. Modification Modification function status
Have reference to characteristic features
Mainly the items which are placed in pre-
modification position
E.g.: an ugly man
the easy-going lady
Non-restrictive
Permanent
Restrictive
Temporary

37. Modification Modification function status
Have reference only to a specific time
Mainly those adjectives which have to be
predicate
E.g.:
A man who is timid = A timid man
A man who is afraid # An afraid man
Non-restrictive
Permanent
Restrictive
Temporary

38. multiple premodification
‘s-genitive
-ing/-ed participles
sentence
adverbials
noun
adjectives
multiple premodification

39. multiple premodification
‘s-genitive
-ing/-edparticiples
E.g.: Mary's brother is very naughty.
sentence
adverbial
noun
adjective
multiple premodification

40. multiple premodification
‘s-genitive
-ing/-ed participles
E.g.: He has rented a crumbling cottage.
The wanted man was last seen in Paris.
sentence
adverbial
Note: the participles denote the permanent.
E.g. She is an interesting girl vs.
She interests me.
The man who is married = the married man
noun
adjective
multiple premodification

41. multiple premodification
‘s-genitive
-ing/-edparticiples
sentence
E.g.: I got angry with his I-don't-care attitude.
She waved the boy away with a you-stink kind of look on her face.
adverbial
noun
adjective
multiple premodification

42. multiple premodification
‘s-genitive
-ing/-edparticiples
E.g.: I visited his far-away hometown.
sentence
adverbial
noun
adjective
multiple premodification

43. multiple prmodification
Premodification
Premodification
‘s-genitive
-ing/-edparticiples
sentence
E.g.: He has fixed the cupboard door.
adverbial
noun
adjective
multiple prmodification

44. multiple premodification
‘s-genitive
-ing/-edparticiples
sentence
adverbial
E.g.: She is a lovely girl.
noun
adjective
multiple premodification

45. Postmodification Postmodification relative clauses
prepositional phrase
non-finite clause
appositive clause
Clause of time, place, manner, reason
adverb
adjective
multiple postmodification

46. Postmodification Postmodification
relative clauses
prepositional phrase
E.g.: The girl who is playing in the ground is my daughter .
non-finite clause
appositive clause
Clause of time, place, manner, reason
adverb
adjective
multiple postmodification

47. Postmodification Postmodification
relative clauses
prepositional phrase
non-finite clause
E.g.: She love the monitor in your class.
appositive clause
Clause of time, place, manner, reason
adverb
adjective
multiple postmodification

48. Postmodification Postmodification
relative clauses
prepositional phrase
non-finite clause
appositive clause
E.g.: The girl playing in the ground is my daughter.
Clause of time, place, manner, reason
adverb
adjective
multiple postmodification

49. Postmodification Postmodification
relative clauses
prepositional phrase
non-finite clause
appositive clause
Clause of time, place, manner, reason
E.g.: The fact that he is rich is not the reason she loves him.
adverb
adjective
multiple postmodification

50. Postmodification Postmodification
relative clauses
E.g.: I work in the university where I studied English.
12th Sep, 1983 is the date when he was born.
That’s the reason why he spoke ill of me.
She shows me the way how I can cook beef.
prepositional phrase
non-finite clause
appositive clause
Clause of time, place, manner, reason
adverb
adjective
multiple postmodification

51. Postmodification Postmodification
relative clauses
prepositional phrase
non-finite clause
E.g.: The girl over there is my sister.
The road back is dense with traffic.
appositive clause
Clause of time, place, manner, reason
adverb
adjective
multiple postmodification

52. Postmodification Postmodification
relative clauses
prepositional phrase
non-finite clause
appositive clause
Clause of time, place, manner, reason
E.g.: Something strange happened last night.
adverb
adjective
multiple postmodification

53. Multiple modification
Multiple premodification
Multiple postmodification

54. Multiple modification
with single head:
E.g.: his last brilliant book
with multiple head:
E.g.: the new chair and table
the new but ugly table and chair
Multiple premodification
Multiple postmodification

55. Multiple modification
Multiple premodification
Sequence of premodifiers:
Determiner general age color participle provenance noun de-nominal head
E.g.: a crumbling church towel
the extravagant London social life
some intricate old inter-locking Chinese designs
Multiple postmodification

56. Multiple modification
with single head:
E.g.: the girl in the corner talking to John
with multiple head:
E.g.: the boy and the girl in the corner talking to John
Multiple premodification
Multiple postmodification

57. Related Readings
Quirk, R. & Greenbaum, S. A University Grammar of English, NXB GTVT, 2002: Chapter 4 & Chapter 13