1. Soc 30-1 Readings: Chapter 5 – parts on Germany Soc 30-2 Readings: Chapter 7, pg. 172

2. Germany – What Happened? What could cause Germany, a strong Christian nation with a history of: -music

3. Germany – What Happened? What could cause Germany, a strong Christian nation with a history of: -music -Protestant Christianity

4. Germany – What Happened? What could cause Germany, a strong Christian nation with a history of: -music -Protestant Christianity -science To ideologically accept Hitlers Nazi party and Fascist ideology? Wilhelm Rontgen discovered X-rays in 1901!

5. Remember from Social 20 that Germany was blamed for World War One The Treaty of Versailles Germany had to say the war was its fault Germany had to pay for war damages (30+ billion) Germany lost much of its territory – the map of Europe was changed again The German army was limited to 100,000 men; Germany was not allowed to have any U-Boats or an air force

6. Like France and much of Western Europe, German lands were devastated as a result of World War One A lot of farmland had been destroyed Industry was hampered due to the destruction of factories In terms of population Over 2 million military deaths Almost 500,000 civilian deaths (disease, other…) Over 4.2 million military wounded But the most significant blow came to German pride The Treaty of Versailles and reparation payments was extremely insulting to the proud German people

7. Where communism in the Soviet Union was revolutionary, the rejection of liberalism in Nazi Germany is reactionary Reactionary being: A desire to return to an idealized past An acceptance of economic inequality

8. 1914-1918Serves in German army 1919-1923Acts as a right-wing activist in Munich 1923Fails to overthrow government in Beer Hall Putsch 1930Nazis win 107 seats in German Parliament 1932Nazis win 230 seats; become largest party in Parliament 1933January: becomes chancellor February: Gains emergency powers March: Uses Enabling Act to end democracy in Germany

9. Born in Austria in 1889 Nevertheless, he fought for the German army during WWI Temporarily blinded by poison gas in 1918 After the war he moved to Munich, with many other unemployed war veterans

10. Began as a small fringe group, with Hitler as leader Nazi is short for: National Socialist German Workers Party But their name is essentially a lie. Nazis oppose: Socialism Communism Trade Unionism Class Conflict Workers rights Why do this?

11. Unlike the communists in Russia, the Nazis believe that race, not class, is the source of social conflict The Jews were seen as the principal enemy- not because of religion though Hitler viewed people of Jewish descent as a biological, toxic infection that threatened the racially pure Aryans But this is a misapplication of the term Aryan! Aryan refers to one of two language groups: Indo-Aryan or Indo-European languages

12. Hitlers early attempt to overthrow the Weimar government Hitler was arrested for treason and jailed Here he contemplated suicide But he realized that his trial would give him a national audience for his views Mein Kampf My Struggle Written by Hitler while in jail This book outlines his radical view og German political history

13. After being released from prison, Hitler concentrated on building the Nazis power base University and professional groups Labour unions Agrarian Organizations The SA (paramilitary organization) What do you believe was Hitlers goal in expanding Nazi influence in these areas?

14. Germany was unable to pay the required reparation payments The Dawes Plan was implemented The USA lends Germany money Germany pays its reparations to the allies The allies pay their war debts back to the USA This system stabilized the German economy… until the USA was no longer able to lend money

15. The Great Depression eliminated the flow of American money to Germany So the Weimar government printed additional Reich marks (German currency) to pay the reparations However, this caused hyper-inflation As additional money is printed, the overall value of the currency decreases

16. Cost of a Loaf of Bread in 1923: 428,000,000,000 marks

17. Unemployment rates began to skyrocket in 1929 Increasingly, the German people looked to radical groups to solve the problem that the Weimar government could not solve Thus the Nazi rise to popularity and power In 1933, a small group of conservative politicians persuaded President Hindenburg to name Hitler as Chancellor due to his popularity They believed that Hitler …was no threat…he could be pushed so far into a corner, that hell be squeaking They were wrong, and within months, Hitler had ended democracy in Germany

18. Officially called: Law for Removing the Distress of the People and the Reich This act gave Hitler the power to suspend the constitution and pass legislation without a parliament When Hindenburg died in 1934, Hitler was the sole political leader in Germany Hitler took the title of Der Fuhrer (the leader) Heil Hitler was an abbreviated oath to the Fuhrer, reinforcing Hitlers supreme authority

20. PROS For dominant German groups, life got better Full employment Restoration of national pride Cultural revolution – ties nostalgia and modernity together Heavy investment in public works The Autobahnen Unemployment defeated CONS Several groups were threatened with constant persecution Jews, communists, socialists Real wages fell Workers earned less $$ Fewer workers rights Concentration on rearmament led to food and consumer-good shortages

21. Many viewed Hitler as a national saviour since he restored German pride Stopped paying reparation payments Ignored military restrictions of the treaty of Versailles Massive military parades Bolstered German national identity Reminded Germans of the great German past: militarism

24. Hitler and the Nazis utilized modern technology in their propaganda Produced their own magazines, posters, films Littered cities with propaganda Hitler also subsidized radio production By 1930 most Germans had access to a radio – and Hitlers radio talks! Nazi propaganda was based on tradition Sturdy blond peasants Small shopkeepers Independent craftsmen

28. To foster German national identity, the Nazis clearly identified and targeted groups seen as not German Methods of Repression: Brown shirted SA Replaced by Black shirted SS (Schutzstaffeln)

29. Repression: Undesirables Political opponents Roman Catholics Jehovahs Witnesses Gypsies Mental/physical handicaps Mixed-race children Jewish community Scientific Racism

30. Nazism (Fascism in general) aims to control all aspects of its citizens lives This includes reproduction Eugenics is controlling human reproduction to ensure desirable traits Sterilization or execution of undesirables Fostering reproduction among desirables Lebensborn Pages 190-191 in textbook

31. Hitler sought to ensure power through controlling the youth Boys and girls belonged to special organizations that had fun activities These organizations also inculcated loyalty to the Nazi regime Children even encouraged to report any anti- Nazi activity (even on their parents)

32. Boys Programs Focused on military training Different activities based on age Ultimate goal is for boys to enter the labour force or military at 18

33. Girls Programs Activities focus on domesticity How to cook & clean How too properly make a bed How to raise German children How to be a wife & mother Girls enter the League of German Maidens at 14