1. Marriage and Family in Theoretical Perspective

2. Functionalist Perspective
Examines how the family is related to other parts of society.
The family is universal because it fulfills six needs that are all basic to survival of every society:
Economic production
Socialization of children
Care of the sick and aged
Recreation
Sexual control
Reproduction
Incest taboo helps the family avoid role confusion and ensure that people look outside the family for marriage partners.
The dysfunctions of the nuclear family is emotional overload since, unlike extended families, there are few members to count on for material and emotional support.

3. Conflict Perspective
Focuses on how family members compete and cooperate.
Examples:
Struggle over who does housework, is a struggle over limited resources of time, energy, and leisure.
Since most husbands resist doing housework, wives end up doing most of it, even wives with other jobs to do outside the home.
According to one study, wives put in 8 hr day of working for wages 11 hrs more child care and housework each week than their husbands.
Sociologist Arlie Hochschild refers to this as a “second shift”

4. Figure 16.1 In Two-Paycheck Marriages, Who Does the Housework?
Source: By the author. Based on Bianchi et al. 2000: Table Note: based on a national sample. Cooking and meal cleanup are combined from the original data.

5. Symbolic Interactionists
Believes the key to understanding behavior within the family lies in the interaction among family members and the meanings that members assign to these interactions.
Examines how contrasting experiences between men and women play out in marriage.
The closer a husband’s and wife’s earnings, the more likely they are to share housework.
Most husbands who get laid off, however, decrease their housework, while husbands who earn less than their wives do the least housework.
Gender Roles? Symbolic Interactionists believe this undercuts his traditional role of provider and threatens his masculinity.