1. P URCHASE ON D EMAND ( POD ) & I NTERLIBRARY L OAN

2. W HAT DOES POD MEAN ?  Patron-centered/driven acquisition, just-in-time acquisition, patron-initiated purchasing (PIP) or evidence based selection  Workflow and policies differ among libraries, but initial request comes through ILL  Little or no subject specialist/selector input or intervention  Some institutions authorize ILL units (rather than acquisitions) to make the purchase request  Item may be given to the user when it arrives and cataloged after it is returned to further expedite fulfillment  Supplement to traditional (just-in-case) collection development methods

3. POD P OLICIES  Set budget for program  Determine workflow for ILL and Acquisitions  Selection criteria: *date of material *language *vendors *publishers (UP vs. vanity press) *type of material (recreational or textbooks)  Metrics: *circulation stats Gail Herrera & Judy Greenwood (2011) “Patron-Initiated Purchasing: Evaluating Criteria and Workflows” Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve 21:1-2, 9-24.

4. B UYING VS. B ORROWING  Interlibrary loan is not intended as a substitute for collection development.  New titles should not be requested through ILL whenever possible  POD can save time of user and of library staff  It may be cheaper to purchase and catalog if material cannot be borrowed from a reciprocal borrowing institution and/or the lender requires return by expedited shipper  Much of the literature points to circulation stats that show POD materials circulate more than once

5. B UYING VS. B ORROWING  Kent Allen (1979) Use of Library Materials: The University of Pittsburg Study New York: Marcel Dekker Approximately 40% of new titles had not circulated 5 years after purchase  Richard L. Trueswell (1969) “Library Users: The 80/20 Rule” Wilson Library Bulletin 43/5, 458- 461 80% of use from 20% of collection

6. B UYING VS. B ORROWING  Buy when book is published in the current/previous year  Filling requests in the most timely manner possible is of the upmost importance to our users  Patron does not care how the material is obtained  POD program should be seamless and not require additional work for end user  According to the literature, many interdisciplinary titles are added to the collection through POD programs that are not normally obtained through traditional collection development policies

7. B UYING VS. B ORROWING  The goal of the Washington and Lee University Library’s POD program is to meet the immediate needs of our users while adding potential high-use titles to our collection  Collaboration between Public Services (ILL Unit) and Technical Services

8. T HE W&L POD PROGRAM CRITERIA :  current year imprint  price of item less than $100 (prior to shipping)  not already expected through our Approval Plan  ILL materials that are requested more than once (by same user or multiple users) or needed for an extended period of time  Very few or no holdings on a title in WorldCat

9. H OW IT WORKS @ W&L  ILL request submitted by user through ILLiad  ILL staff determines if request meets POD criteria  Request is routed from ILL to Acquisitions using email templates and routing rules set-up in ILLiad  Item is purchased, cataloged, and user is notified when item is available for check-out

13. W HY I T W ORKS  Items may be purchased and next day delivery requested from vendor  Items are “rush” cataloged  It is possible for users to have item(s) in hand in shorter amount of time than average ILL transaction (for W&L, average ILL transaction is about 4-5 business days)  It does not guarantee use by one user (they may not come to pick-up the item)  In our experience, POD materials do get checked-out at least once and several have had multiple check-outs  User will have longer loan period than with ILL and can easily renew  Item will be available for future check-outs  Works well for DVDs (cheap to purchase and difficult to borrow through ILL)

14. P ATRON F EEDBACK  Some of the literature discusses obtaining patron feedback through surveys  Suggestions for improvements, level of satisfactions, expectations/needs, etc. Uta Hussong-Christian & Kerri Goergen-Doll (2010) “We're Listening: Using Patron Feedback to Assess and Enhance Purchase on Demand” Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve 20:5, 319-335.

15. C RITICISM  POD purchases may be made without patron consultation and patron only needs book for citation checking or bibliography chasing  Collection may end up with materials that have narrow focus  It is cost effective? Cost-per-use? ROI? See G. Van Dyk (2011) “Interlibrary loan purchase-on- demand: A misleading literature” Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services Volume 35: 2-3, 83-89

16. GIST: G ETTING IT S YSTEM T OOLKIT D EVELOPED BY M ILNE L IBRARY AT SUNY G ENESEO  idsproject.org/tools/gist.aspx  Tool for integrating Acquisitions and ILL into one workflow and interface  From GIST website using ILLiad/GIST users and staff can easily determine: *uniqueness (for cooperative collection development) *locate free online sources (to reduce cost and/or catalog eBooks just-in-time) *see reviews and rankings (to add value to the request process) *see purchasing options and prices

17. GIST

21. B IBLIOGRAPHY Nancy Lichten Alder (2007) “Direct Purchase As a Function of Interlibrary Loan: Buying Books Versus Borrowing” Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve, 18:1, 9-15. Megan Gaffney (2011) “Item Shipped! Purchase on Demand and ILLiad 8 Addons” 2011 ILLiad International Conference Gail Herrera & Judy Greenwood (2011) “Patron-Initiated Purchasing: Evaluating Criteria and Workflows” Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve, 21:1-2, 9-24. Uta Hussong-Christian & Kerri Goergen-Doll (2010) “We're Listening: Using Patron Feedback to Assess and Enhance Purchase on Demand” Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve, 20:5, 319-335. Peter Spitzform (2011) The User Knows Best www.nelib.org/Resources/Documents/NETSL/SpitzformPDAnetsl2011.pdf David C. Tyler, Joyce C. Melvin, Yang Xu, Marylou Epp & Anita M. Kreps (2011) “Effective Selectors? Interlibrary Loan Patrons as Monograph Purchasers: A Comparative Examination of Price and Circulation-Related Performance” Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve, 21:1-2, 57-90 David C. Tyler (2011) “Patron-Driven Purchase on Demand Programs for Printed Books and Similar Materials” Library Philosophy and Practice http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/tyler.htmhttp://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/tyler.htm G. Van Dyk (2011) “Interlibrary loan purchase-on-demand: A misleading literature” Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services Volume 35: 2-3, 83-89 David Zopfi-Jordan (2008) “Purchasing or Borrowing: Making Interlibrary Loan Decisions That Enhance Patron Satisfaction” Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve, 18:3, 387-394.