1. Study Guide #5 1.Who were the first three cabinet members of Washington’s staff and their assignment? –Thomas Jefferson (Sec. of State- foreign affairs) –Alexander Hamilton (Sec. of Treasury- make dollar and economy strong, pay off debt from Rev. War) –Henry Knox (Sec. of War- military) What was the criticism of President Washington creating a Cabinet with members who had power? –Not in Constitution and people vote for Pres, not Cabinet

2. 2. What was the difference b/t Hamilton’s vision for the country and Jefferson’s? –Hamilton- manufacturing nation (to earn $, rich US) Strong central government –Jefferson- agrarian nation/famer (property=liberty) Weak central government (states rights) –Whose vision of the country does the US most resemble today? »Hamilton (US largest economy in world)

3. 3) Define Strict Construction? –Gov. can only do what Constitution expressly allows (says) Why is it important to limit power of government? –So it does not become tyrannical 4) Define Loose Construction or Implied Powers? –Gov. can do anything not forbidden by Constitution Why does the Government need Loose Construction? Identify examples of LC –Allows the government to change and grow in order to adapt to circumstances

4. 5) What was the purpose of the Bank of the US? –Provide credit and control money supply 6) What was the cause and significance of the Whiskey Rebellion? –Whiskey Tax- passed by Hamilton to raise $ for debt, farmers in W. Penn rebelled Why were the farmers so sensitive about a tax on Whiskey? –Used as currency –$ does not help farmers (they don’t need much Gov. aid) –Put down by army (showed the new government could enforce it’s own laws) What rebellion caused the US to re-examine the role of Gov? –Shays Rebellion (showed people Gov. needed a stronger central gov.

5. 7) Identify two key warnings in Washington’s Farewell Address? –Political Parties are dangerous- divide the country for their own goods (hurt national unity) –Avoid alliances w. Eur. (isolationism) it will drag US into European wars Explain how Washington’s warnings can be seen negatively in the US today (or last 100 years) –Political Parties often divide the country and work to further their goals, not the US (Gay Marriage, environment, fundamentalism, rich vs. poor, black vs. white) –Foreign Affairs- many of the actions of the US in the last 50 years have upset the world against US (Cold War- support of dictators, $ spent on wars overseas, lives lost)

6. 8) What was the purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts and define the Naturalization and Sedition Act? –To hurt Dem/Rep Party –Naturalization Act- 5-14 to become an Americans –Sedition Act- Stated that an immigrant could be deported for criticizing the government or President How would targeting immigrants hurt Dem/Rep.? –Dem/Rep. were party of farmers and immigrants more likely to be farmers (prevent immigrants from becoming Americans and voting) 9) What amendment did the Alien and Sedition Act violate and why? –1st Amendment (allows people freedom of speech and assembly) people can criticize their government Identify other examples where American 1 st Amendment rights were taken away by the government? –Alien-Sedition Acts (WWI- Schenck v. US), HUAC

7. 10) What was the cause and significance of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions? –Alien and Sedition Acts (states felt Fed. Gov. went too far and Ky. And Va. did not want to follow an unfair law) –Secession- a state can secede from the Union if they feel the Fed. Gov. is becoming too strong and unfair (gives power to individual states to protect it’s own people) Why is the issue of Secession (states leaving the union) such as sensitive topic –Because the Southern states felt their rights were being violate by an over bearing government that wanted to ban slavery

8. 11) Identify the beliefs of the Dem./Rep. and Federalists Dem/ Rep. Represented –Farmers/ Rural Vision of Government –State Rights/ Weak central gov. Vision of US –Nation of small farmers French Rev. –Support revolution/ no king Federalists –Merchants/Urban –Strong Central Gov. –Manufacturing/ industry –Against revolution/ put King back in power/ anarchy

9. 12) What was Jefferson’s most notable achievement as President and why did he almost not go through with it? –Louisiana Purchase ($15 mil. From France, doubles size of US) –Strict Constructionist (No where in the Const. does it say where a president can buy land) Was it worth Jefferson going against his beliefs to purchase the La Territory? How would not purchasing the LA. Territory have impacted the future of US? –Yes, doubled size of US, Eng may have taken land, would have prevented Western Expansion

10. 13) What was the Embargo Act and why did Jefferson seek to have it passed? Did it succeed and explain? –US stopped selling goods to France and England for stealing from US ships (and impressments- US sailors were kidnapped and forced to fight for English Navy) while they were at war –Failed miserably (US exports went from $120 mil. To $20 mil.)

11. 14) What was the 2 most lasting legacies of the Marshall Court –Expanded the power of the Supreme Court to balance the other two branches of government –Nationalism over States Rights (Supreme Court has final say on laws. Not the states)

12. 15) Explain the decision made by the Marshall Court –Marbury vs. Madison Gave the Supreme Court power to have final say on laws made by Congress –McCulloch v. Maryland Implied power (to create national bank) gives the Gov. flexibility to grow and change w. Const express consent –Gibbons v Ogden Government has power over interstate trade