1. History of Education: After the Civil War Chapter 5B - Foundations

2. Native American Education  1864 – the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was established  Assimilation was the goal at off-reservation boarding schools  1924 – Citizenship Act made Native Americans US citizens  30s & 40s – reservation schools were established to teach culture

3. Native American Education (continued)  1975 - the Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act  - below national norms for High Schools Graduates and College Degrees, so used this act to try to improve numbers of graduates/college degrees

4. European American Education 1800 – 1924: many immigrants from southern, central, and eastern Europe 30s and 40s: many immigrants from Italy and Germany (escaped from Totalitarian Regime) 50s: immigrants were mostly Holocaust survivors * Educational goals for these people were for basic education and assimilation

5. African American Education After the Civil War, education occurred  in churches by ministers (A.M.E. – African Methodist Episcopal Church)  In schools run by “Yankee School Marms” – women teachers from the North  1934 - NAACP formed: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

6. Famous African American Educators  Booker T. Washington  Principal at Tuskegee Institute  Advocated vocational/industrial education to better oneself  Presented a model for educating African Americans

7. Famous African American Educators  W.E.B. DuBois  Doctorate in sociology from Harvard  Criticized Booker T. Washington  Advocated increased academics and political activism  Helped to start the Civil Rights Movement

8. Famous African American Educators Mary McLeod Bethune  Founded Normal School for African American Girls in 1904  Served in Presidents’ Administration: FDR & Truman  Thought upward mobility gained by practical training  Political Activist

9. Famous Court Cases ~ Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - Supreme Court ruled: public facilities could be separate, but equal - legalized school segregation ~ Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) - Supreme Court ruled: segregation of students by race is unconstitutional > education must be available to all on equal terms