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POETRY
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REVIEW TERMS Mood: The overall atmosphere or prevailing emotional feeling of a work Imagery: The use of concrete details that appeal to the five senses Symbol: Something concrete (such as an object) that stands for something abstract (such as a concept or an idea) Theme: The main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work Tone: the writer’s attitude toward the subject of a literary work Style: the unique way a writer uses language Irony: when a writer means the opposite of what is said Ambiguity: uncertainty or inexactness of meaning in language
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The process of reading, understanding, and analyzing poetry
EXPLICATION The process of reading, understanding, and analyzing poetry
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What is happening on the surface of a poem
LITERAL MEANING What is happening on the surface of a poem
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The deeper, sometimes hidden, meaning of a poem
FIGURATIVE MEANING The deeper, sometimes hidden, meaning of a poem
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Factual, non-poetic language
LITERAL LANGUAGE Factual, non-poetic language
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FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE Language that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect
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A group or unit of lines in a poem
STANZA A group or unit of lines in a poem
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Repeated lines in a poem or song
REFRAIN Repeated lines in a poem or song
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METER The rhythm of poetry
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The actual dictionary definition of a word
DENOTATION The actual dictionary definition of a word
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The emotional or figurative connections attached to a word
CONNOTATION The emotional or figurative connections attached to a word
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A writer’s choice of words
DICTION A writer’s choice of words
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POETIC LICENSE A writer’s right to bend/break the rules of writing in order to achieve a specific effect or purpose
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The regular form of written language
PROSE The regular form of written language
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A reference to a historical figure, place, or event
ALLUSION A reference to a historical figure, place, or event
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The teams competed in a David and Goliath struggle.
ALLUSION The teams competed in a David and Goliath struggle.
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SIMILE A direct comparison between two basically different things that is introduced by the words “like” or “as”
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My love is like a red, red rose.
SIMILE My love is like a red, red rose.
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METAPHOR An implied comparison between two basically different things that is not introduced with the words “like” or “as”
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His eyes were daggers that cut right through me.
METAPHOR His eyes were daggers that cut right through me.
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A great exaggeration to emphasize strong feeling
HYPERBOLE A great exaggeration to emphasize strong feeling
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My backpack weighs a ton.
HYPERBOLE My backpack weighs a ton.
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Human characteristics given to non-human animals, objects, or ideas
PERSONIFICATION Human characteristics given to non-human animals, objects, or ideas
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The sun kissed the flowers.
PERSONIFICATION The sun kissed the flowers.
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A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem
RHYME SCHEME A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem
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RHYME SCHEME “Twinkle twinkle little star, How I wonder what you are
Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky.” (AABB)
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Poetry without a regular pattern of meter (beat) or rhyme
FREE VERSE Poetry without a regular pattern of meter (beat) or rhyme
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The repetition of identical sounds at the ends of lines of poetry
END RHYME The repetition of identical sounds at the ends of lines of poetry
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END RHYME “He clasps the crag with crooked hands
Close to the sun in lonely lands” from “The Eagle” by Alfred Lord Tennyson
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The repetition of identical sounds within a line of poetry
INTERNAL RHYME The repetition of identical sounds within a line of poetry
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INTERNAL RHYME “We three shall flee across the sea to Italy.” OR
“Hold infinity in the palm of your hand And eternity in an hour.”
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SLANT RHYME A slant rhyme or half rhyme occurs when the vowel sounds are not quite identical
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“And on that cheek and o’er that brow” A mind at peace with all below”
SLANT RHYME “And on that cheek and o’er that brow” A mind at peace with all below”
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A poem that tells a story
NARRATIVE POEM A poem that tells a story
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“Little Miss Moffat sat on a tuffet...”
NARRATIVE POEM “Little Miss Moffat sat on a tuffet...”
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REPETITION The repeating of a sound, word, phrase, or more in a given literary work
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REPETITION “I sprang to the stirrup, and Jarvis, and he;
I galloped, Derrick galloped, we galloped all three”
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The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words
ALLITERATION The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words
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“Swiftly, swiftly flew the ship”
ALLITERATION “Swiftly, swiftly flew the ship”
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The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant
ASSONANCE The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant
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“. . .that hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me.”
ASSONANCE “. . .that hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me.”
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CONSONANCE The repetition of consonant sounds that are preceded by different vowel sounds
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“Wherever we go Silence will fall like dews”
CONSONANCE “Wherever we go Silence will fall like dews”
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ONOMATOPOEIA The use of words whose sounds suggest the sounds made by objects or activities
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“Blind eyes could blaze like meteors”
Other examples: buzz, hum, kiss ONOMATOPOEIA “Blind eyes could blaze like meteors”
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SONNET A fourteen-line poem, that is divided into three quatrains (rhyming four-line stanzas) and a concluding couplet (pair of rhyming lines) Each quatrain makes a point or gives an example, and the couplet sums it all up.
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ODE A long lyric poem about a serious subject, written in a dignified style
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A short poem that expresses a basic emotion
LYRIC POEM A short poem that expresses a basic emotion
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