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Safety
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Occupational Health & Safety
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What is OHS? Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to health, safety, and welfare issues in the workplace. OHS includes the laws, standards, and programs that are aimed at making the workplace better for workers, along with co-workers, family members, customers, and other stakeholders.
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Occupational Health & Safety- Continue What is OHS? Occupational health and safety is concerned with addressing many types of workplace hazards, such as: ■Chemicals ■Physical hazards ■Biological agents ■Psychological fallout ■Ergonomic issues ■Accidents
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Occupational Health & Safety- Continue What is OHS? Occupational health and safety standards are in place to mandate the removal, reduction, or replacement of workplace hazards. OHS programs should also include material that helps minimize the effects of the hazards.
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Occupational Health & Safety- Continue What is OHS? Employers and company management are obliged to provide a safe working environment for all of their employees.
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Safety What is safety ? Safety is a concept that includes all measures and practices taken to preserve the life, health, and bodily integrity of individuals.(Safeopedia 2018) Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected from harm or other danger. Safety can also refer to the control of recognized hazards in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk
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Why is Safety Important? ●Following safety procedures is one of the most effective ways to prevent workplace injuries. ●Working safely also protects the tools that you use and your facility from damage. ●Safe operations foster a productive and healthy working environment.
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SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES OVERVIEW ● Ensuring that areas under their control comply with internal and external regulations and guidelines ● Providing supervisors under their management with the authority to develop and implement safe work practices; ● Maintaining an up-to-date Injury and Illness Prevention Program that covers the department and all shops within that department ● Providing the shop with the resources necessary to comply with health and safety policies and guidelines. Employer-
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SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES OVERVIEW 1. Encouraging and promoting a healthy safety culture within the shop; 2. Modeling and enforcing safe work policies; 3. Ensuring that all employees receive the appropriate training before beginning work; 4. Ensuring that periodic inspections are done inspections) 5. Stopping unsafe work; 6. Developing safe work procedures such as Job Safety Analysis 7. Providing proper personal protective equipment (PPE) to employees under their supervision; 8. Encouraging employees to report health and safety issues (including injuries) without the fear of reprisal; and 9. Maintaining the necessary documentation for the shop, including training records. Supervisors -
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SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES OVERVIEW Worker/Employee 1. Using proper PPE (when required); 2. Attending and actively participating in all OHS training 3. Notifying supervisors when potential hazards are present in the shop or when additional training is needed; 4. Reporting all work-related injuries to the supervisor; and 5. Participating in and being aware of periodic safety inspections. 6.Practise good housekeeping at all times. 7.Report all accidents to your supervisor.
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Reasons for OH&S Moral - An employee should feel safe and not have to risk injury on the job. Economic –Poor OH&S results in medical costs and the loss of production time. Legal – Possible law suits/charges pending OH&S situation.
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Risk
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What is a Risk? Is a situation involving exposure to danger.
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What is risk assessment? Risk assessment is a term used to describe the overall process or method where you: Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard identification). Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis, and risk evaluation). Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated (risk control). (www.ccohs.ca)
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What is risk assessment? Occupational health and safety - Hazard identification and elimination and risk assessment and control" uses the following terms: Risk assessment – the overall process of hazard identification, risk analysis, and risk evaluation. Hazard identification – the process of finding, listing, and characterizing hazards. Risk analysis – a process for comprehending the nature of hazards and determining the level of risk. Notes: (1) Risk analysis provides a basis for risk evaluation and decisions about risk control. (2) Information can include current and historical data, theoretical analysis, informed opinions, and the concerns of stakeholders. (3) Risk analysis includes risk estimation. (www.ccohs.ca)
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What is risk assessment? Risk evaluation – the process of comparing an estimated risk against given risk criteria to determine the significance of the risk. Risk control – actions implementing risk evaluation decisions. Note: Risk control can involve monitoring, re-evaluation, and compliance with decisions. (www.ccohs.ca)
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Why is risk assessment important? ●Create awareness of hazards and risk. ●Identify who may be at risk (e.g., employees, cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public, etc.). ●Determine whether a control program is required for a particular hazard. ●Prioritize hazards and control measures. ●Determine if existing control measures are adequate or if more should be done. ●Prevent injuries or illnesses, especially when done at the design or planning stage. ●Meet legal requirements where applicable.
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When should a risk assessment be done? There may be many reasons a risk assessment is needed, including: ●Before new processes or activities are introduced. ●Before changes are introduced to existing processes or activities, including when products, machinery, tools, equipment change or new information concerning harm becomes available. ●When hazards are identified.
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Sample Risk Assessment
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How are risks ranked or prioritized? Ranking or prioritizing hazards is one way to help determine which risk is the most serious and thus which to control first. Priority is usually established by taking into account the employee exposure and the potential for incident, injury or illness. By assigning a priority to the risks, you are creating a ranking or an action list.
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Risk Matrix
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Risk assessment matrix https://youtu.be/-E-jfcoR2W0 https://youtu.be/Mz6DtCMVEVw
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Activity Create a risk assessment of the task or work activity listed below. Also use a risk matrix to the level of the risk. Task/Work activity :
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Hazards
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A Hazard is a potential source of harm or adverse health effect on a person or persons.
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Common Workplace Hazards ● Physical hazards- include unsafe conditions that can cause injury, illness, and death. (Examples on the following slides) ● Biological hazards- come from working with animals, people or infectious plant materials. Work in day care, hospitals, hotel laundry and room cleaning, laboratories, veterinary offices and nursing homes may expose you to biological hazards. ● Ergonomic hazards- occur when the type of work, body position and working conditions put strain on your body. ● Chemical hazards- are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical preparation in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid or gas).
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Physical Hazards - Examples of physical hazards include: ● electrical hazards: frayed cords, missing ground pins, improper wiring ● unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts: guards removed or moving parts that a worker can accidentally touch ● constant loud noise ● high exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays, heat or cold ● working from heights, including ladders, scaffolds, roofs, or any raised work area ● working with mobile equipment such as fork lifts (operation of fork lifts and similar mobile equipment in the workplace requires significant additional training and experience) ● spills on floors or tripping hazards, such as blocked aisle or cords running across the floor.
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Biological Hazards (Biohazards) ● Blood or other body fluids ● Fungi ● Bacteria and viruses ● Plants ● Insect bites (ticks, mosquitoes) ● Animal and bird droppings.
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Ergonomic hazards include: ● -poor lighting ● -improperly adjusted workstations and chairs ● -frequent lifting ● -poor posture ● -awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive ● -repeating the same movements over and over ● -having to use too much force, especially if you have to do it frequently.
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Chemical Hazards ● liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents especially chemicals in an unlabeled container (warning sign!) ● vapours and fumes, for instance those that come from welding or exposure to solvents ● gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and helium ● flammable materials like gasoline, solvents and explosive chemicals.
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Hazard Identification What is Hazard Identification? Hazard identification is a risk assessment practice that aims to identify and record safety risks and work hazards to ensure the safety of workers and personnel.
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Hazard Identification ● Gather information about existing hazards that are likely to be present in the workplace ● Perform regular site walkthroughs to identify new hazards. ● Review accidents and near-miss logs to further investigate the root causes and program shortcomings ●Identify similar trends across all incidents, illnesses and hazards recorded. Also, consider hazards that are present on non-routine jobs. ●Determine the level of risk, significance, and frequency of each hazard to know which needs to be prioritized. How to Identify hazards-
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Hazard Identification Activity
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Can
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11 Issues! Woman at saw: 1-No goggles (eye prot), 2-Safety poster covered, 3 -Guard missing on saw 4-Ear protection on belt 5-Fire exit blocked, 6--boxes stacked poorly, 7-worker carrying barrel, 8-worker with no hard hat 9-Power cord is messy 10-Smoker smoking, 11- wet floor,
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● Pot on stove could cause steam burns. ● Hot oven should be closed. ● Chemical containers are not labelled. ● He could hurt his back by reaching up to lift objects. ● Burners should be off if not in use so no one gets hurt. ● Grease on the floor is slippery. ● She could cut herself with the knife. A knife should be put away when not in use.
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● The file cabinet could fall forward because the drawers were left open or someone could bump into them. ● Awkward posture: her back should be straight, her feet flat on the floor and her arms should be supported by the armrests and parallel to the desktop. ● She could trip on the wastebasket and garbage on the floor. ● Boxes could fall off the copier. ● Poor posture: her head should not be tilted upward. It should be straight. ● Someone could trip on the cord and parcels that are on the floor. Someone could slip on the paper on the floor. ● The blade on the paper cutter could cut someone.
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1-Doorway blocked with boxes 2-Man carrying boxes that obstruct his view 3-Man straining with heavy box. 4-Chair with broken leg 5-Boxes under desk 6-Cables on floor 7-Woman on chair 8-Empty first aid kit 9-Open file cabinet 11-Fire extinguisher on floor 12-Tea kettle at desk
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Safety Signs
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Safety Sign Safety signs are a type of sign designed to warn of hazards, indicate mandatory actions or required use of Personal protective equipment, prohibit actions or objects, identify the location of firefighting or safety equipment, or marking of exit routes.
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Categories of safety signs 1.Mandatory 2.Prohibition 3.Caution/Warning 4.Positive action/First Aid 5.Emergency Information Signs 6. Fire Signs 1.Red for prohibition, fire 2.Yellow for caution 3.Green for positive action, first aid, emergency 4.Blue, is used for mandatory signs Safety Signs Color Safety Signs
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Information sign- means a sign providing information other than that referred to in prohibition, warning, mandatory or emergency escape or first-aid signs Mandatory sign- means a sign requiring specific behaviour; Prohibition sign- means a sign prohibiting behaviour likely to incur or cause danger; Caution sign- indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury Emergency Information- Signs help people to find the location of, or directions to, your emergency related facilities, like emergency exits, first aid or safety equipment.
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The shapes of Safety Signs ● Discs for prohibitions and instruction ● Triangles for warnings ● Squares and rectangles for emergency and informative signs. Examples of prohibition signs
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The shapes of Safety Signs ● Discs for prohibitions and instruction ● Triangles for warnings ● Squares and rectangles for emergency and informative signs. Examples of mandatory signs
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The shapes of Safety Signs ● Discs for prohibitions and instruction ● Triangles for warnings ● Squares and rectangles for emergency and informative signs. Examples of warning signs
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The shapes of Safety Signs ● Discs for prohibitions and instruction ● Triangles for warnings ● Squares and rectangles for emergency and informative signs. Examples of information signs
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Design of Safety Sign Boards 1. Prohibition sign boards ● Shape: Round ● Background: White ● Symbol/pictogram: Black ● The safety colour red must appear around the edge and in a transverse bar and must cover at least 35% of the surface of the sign. 2. Warning sign boards ● Shape: Triangular ● Background: Yellow with black edging ● Symbol/pictogram: Black ● A yellow triangle must have a black edge. The safety colour yellow must cover at least 50% of the surface of the sign.
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Design of Safety Sign Boards 3. Mandatory sign boards ● Shape: Round ● Background: Blue ● Symbol/pictogram: White ● The safety colour blue must cover at least 50% of the surface of the sign. 4. Emergency escape or first-aid signboards ● Shape: Rectangular or square ● Background: Green ● Symbol/pictogram: White ● The safety colour green must cover at least 50% of the surface of the sign.
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Design of Safety Sign Boards Fire-fighting signboards ● Shape: Rectangular or square ● Background: Red ● Symbol/pictogram: White ● The safety colour red must cover at least 50% of the surface of the sign.
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Personal Protective Equipment
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What is PPE Personal protective equipment is protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection
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Definition of PPE PPE stands for Personal Protective Equipment. Items such as gloves and ear plugs are PPE. This is the equipment that protects you against hazards in the workplace. However, it can’t protect you if it isn’t worn correctly or you choose not to wear it.
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PPE Requirements PPE must be provided for you. You must wear the appropriate PPE. PPE must be stored in a sanitary and reliable condition. This includes PPE for ● Eye, Face, Head, and Extremities ● Protective Clothing ● Respiratory Devices ●Protective Shield and Barriers
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Eye and Face Protection Eye and face protection must be used when exposed to hazards from: ● Flying particles ● Liquid chemicals ● Acids or caustic liquids ● Chemical vapors or gases ● Welding ●Potentially injurious light radiation (from welding or lasers)
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Eye and Face Protection Must comply with ANSI Z87 specifications Safety Glasses Full Face Shield Safety Goggles Welding Helmets
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Eye and Face Protection Put on eye protection before exposure to the hazard. Eye and face protection should be kept clean so your vision is not obstructed. Clean the lenses or shields regularly with glass cleaner or soapy water.
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Foot Protection Must comply with ANSI Z41.1 specifications Metatarsal guards must be worn when you are around objects that may fall or roll. Shoes with puncture resistant soles must be worn when there is a danger of objects piercing the sole of your work shoe.
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Foot Protection Shoes or boots with electrical protection must be worn when there is a danger of electrical hazards to your feet. Rubber boots or shoes must be worn when you work in or around water or where there is a slip hazard.
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Foot Protection When working with hazardous chemicals, make sure you wear the appropriate chemical- resistant foot protection in case of splashing or spilling This would be impermeable rubber or neoprene boots as shown.
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Foot Protection All employees doing maintenance activities must wear steel-toed shoes while at work. Contact your supervisor if you do not have steel-toed shoes.
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Wear and Care of Foot Protection ● Inspect before each use. ● There should be no cracks or holes in chemical or waterproof boots. ● Should be comfortable. ● Check soles for excessive wear. ● Keep clean and dry. Spray off mud, dirt or chemicals after each use to keep the footwear in good condition.
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Hand Protection (Must Comply with ANSI/ISEA 105 (U.S. Standard) or EN 388 (EU Standard) You must wear hand protection when you are exposed to any of the following hazards: ● Skin absorption of hazardous materials ● Severe cuts ● Severe abrasions ● Punctures ● Chemical burns ●Thermal burns/ harmful temperature extremes
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Gloves Gloves are the most important and common part of hand protection. There are many different types of gloves that protect you from different hazards. If you are working with chemicals, always check the MSDS to know what type of glove you should wear.
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Selecting Hand Protection ● Chemical-resistant gloves ● Kevlar, metal mesh, cut-resistant gloves ● Leather work gloves ● Extreme temperature gloves ●Electrical work gloves
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Choose the Correct Glove for the Job PVC Coated Blue latex dipped Heavy leather palm Snow glove Chore glove Leather driver Gardening with PVC coating Kevlar Full leather palm Jersey Nitrite disposable Welders
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Glove Care Inspect your gloves routinely for holes and cracks. Discard your gloves at any sign of deterioration. After use, clean and allow to dry
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Hearing Protection If you are exposed to noise levels over 85 decibels, you must wear hearing protection. 85 decibels is approximately the noise made by a large truck. If you must raise your voice to speak to someone within conversation range, you should wear hearing protection.
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Hearing Protection includes Ear Muffs Ear Bands Ear Plugs
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You must wear hearing protection when you work on or around: Lawn equipment, such as mowers, blowers, etc. Chillers Boiler Room Fan Rooms
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Body Protection ● Employees who face possible bodily injury of any kind that cannot be eliminated through engineering, work practice or administrative controls, must wear appropriate body protection while performing their jobs. ● In addition to cuts and radiation, the following are examples of workplace hazards that could cause bodily injury: ● Temperature extremes ● Hot splashes from molten metals and other hot liquids; ● Potential impacts from tools, machinery and materials ● Hazardous chemicals
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Body Protection
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Chemical Protection Anytime you work with chemicals you must wear appropriate PPE to protect yourself. Always check the chemical’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). The MSDS will tell you the PPE you should wear.
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Chemical Protective Clothing includes Gloves Aprons Boots Coveralls Other items may be required to prevent your contact with chemicals
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Respiratory Protection When should a respirator be used? Workers should use respirators for protection from contaminants in the air only if other hazard control methods are not practical or possible under the circumstances.
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What are the different classes of respirators? The two main types are air-purifying respirators (APRs) and supplied-air respirators (SARs). Air-purifying respirators can remove contaminants in the air that you breathe by filtering out particulates (e.g., dusts, metal fumes, mists, etc.). ●mouth bit respirator (fits in the mouth and comes with a nose clip to hold nostrils closed - for escape purposes only) ●quarter-mask (covering the nose and mouth) ●half-face mask (covering the face from the nose to below the chin) ●full facepiece (covering the face from above the eyes to below the chin)
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What are the different classes of respirators? The two main types are air-purifying respirators (APRs) and supplied-air respirators (SARs). Supplied-air respirators (SARs) supply clean air from a compressed air tank or through an airline. This air is not from the work room area. The air supplied in tanks or from compressors must meet certain standards for purity and moisture content (e.g., CSA Standard Z180.1-13): Compressed Breathing Air and Systems).
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Respirators Air Puff Respirator Air Supply Respirator
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Fire Safety
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Objectives Understand the combustion process and different fire classes Understand fire extinguisher types, operating procedures Understand basic firefighting concepts: R.A.C.E. P.A.S.S. Fire Safety & Fire Extinguisher Use
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The Combustion Process Fire Safety & Fire Extinguisher Use Three components Need all three components to start a fire Fire extinguishers remove one or more of the components.
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Fire Classes wood paper cloth etc. A Trash Wood Paper C Electrical Equipment B Liquids Grease COMBUSTIBL E METALS D gasoline oil grease other solvents computers fax machine other energized electrical equip. magnesium sodium potassium titanium other flammable metals
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Fire Classes (cont.) K Cooking Media Recently recognized by NFPA 10 Fires involving combustible oils, lards and fats in commercial cooking. CLASS K FIRES
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Fire Extinguisher Anatomy DISCHARGE HOSE DISCHARGE NOZZLE DISCHARGE ORIFICE BODY DATA PLATE CARRYING HANDLE PRESSURE GAUGE (not found on CO 2 extinguishers) DISCHARGE LEVER DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN AND SEAL
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Fire Extinguisher Types Class “A” fires only 2.5 gal. water (up to 1 minute discharge time) Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check 30-40 ft. maximum effective range Can be started and stopped as necessary Extinguishes by cooling burning material below the ignition point. PRESSURIZED WATER
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Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.) Class “B” or “C” fires 2.5-100 lb. of CO 2 (8- 30 seconds discharge time) Has NO pressure gauge--capacity verified by weight 3-8 ft. maximum effective range Extinguishes by smothering burning materials Effectiveness decreases as temperature of burning material increases. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2 )
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Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.) Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires 2.5-20 lb. dry chemical (ammonium phosphate) 8- 25 seconds discharge time) Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check 5-20 ft. maximum effective range Extinguishes by smothering burning materials. MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL
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Fire Extinguisher Summary EXTINGUISHER TYPEWORKS BYEFFECTIVE AGAINST PRESSURIZED WATER CARBON DIOXIDE MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL COOLING SMOTHERING
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Fire Emergency Response R Rescue Alarm Contain Extinguish A C E
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Fighting the Fire Pull the pin Aim low at the base of flames Squeeze the handle Sweep side to side P A S S
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Firefighting Decision Criteria Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size Avoid smoky conditions Ensure area is evacuated Don’t attempt to fight unless: Alarm is sounded Fire is small and contained You have safe egress route (can be reached without exposure to fire) Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire If in doubt, evacuate! “DON’T ATTEMPT TO FIGHT UNLESS YOU ARE TRAINED ”
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Summary Combustion Process (Fire Triangle) Class A, B, C, D, K fires Types of portable fire extinguishers: Operating procedures Capabilities and limitations Basic firefighting concepts: R.A.C.E. P.A.S.S.
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Quiz Question 1 Fire extinguisher marked with an A is used on: A) oil fires B) Electrical fires C) paper material fires D) none of the above
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Quiz Question 2 Fire extinguishers marked with a B can be used on: A) Paper, trash B) Oil or Grease C) Electrical D) Non of the above
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Quiz addendum How else you can kill a grease fire? A)Smother B)Baking Soda C)A&B
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Quiz Question 3 Fire extinguisher marked ABC can be used on: A) Wood, Paper B) Electrical C) Liquids and grease D) All of the above
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Quiz Question 4 Fire Extinguishers marked with D are used for A) Combustible chemicals B) Magnesium C) Potassium D) other flammable metals E) all of the above
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CHEMICAL SAFETY Chemical Use ●Before working with any chemical, you must be aware of the hazards associated with it, how to use and handle it with appropriate safety controls, and the proper storage and disposal of it. ●This can be accomplished through attending training and reviewing references such as Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and written procedures. ●Always ask questions if you are unsure of how to handle a chemical.
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CHEMICAL SAFETY Know About the Chemicals that You Use- ●All shops that contain chemicals must have an MSDS binder in their work area or have ●the ability to access MSDS information electronically and in a timely manner. ●If you do not have a MSDS for a chemical, you can get it from the manufacturer or look for it online. ●Review the MSDS before chemical use and leanup.
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CHEMICAL SAFETY MSDS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
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CHEMICAL SAFETY MSDS
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CHEMICAL SAFETY Handling Chemicals Safely- General Safe Handling Practices If you are using flammable chemicals, make sure any ignition sources have been extinguished and heat is kept away. If you are using more than one chemical, make sure they will not react dangerously with one another. If you notice any fumes, vapors, bubbling, or unusual odors, stop what you are doing, vacate the area and request assistance.
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CHEMICAL SAFETY Handling Chemicals Safely- Minimize Your Exposure ●Proper chemical handling includes selecting the right kind of personal protective equipment (PPE) for the specific chemical hazard. ●In particular, you must select a glove that provides adequate protection against the individual chemical you are using (check the SDS for details), if necessary. ●When pouring or handling liquid chemicals, make sure you don proper splash protection (including gloves, aprons, and goggles).
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CHEMICAL SAFETY Handling Chemicals Safely- Housekeeping and Personal Hygiene Do not use or store chemicals in non-work areas such as eating areas or in locker rooms. Eating and drinking is prohibited in work areas and must be assigned to a specific area or room. Always wash your hands after working with chemicals. Prolonged exposure to certain chemicals may have delayed effects. Always clean up equipment and work surfaces if they come into contact with chemicals and avoid placing chemical containers on the floor or at the end of a bench or table to prevent a spill. Keep containers closed when not in use.
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CHEMICAL SAFETY Handling Chemicals Safely Hazardous Chemical Waste- What is hazardous waste? A waste meets the definition of hazardous waste if it has one or more of the following hazardous characteristic(s): it is flammable, corrosive, reactive, or toxic. These are referred to as characteristic wastes. Hazardous wastes that could be generated in the shops include oil, oily rags, used solvent, paint, aerosol cans, etc.
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CHEMICAL SAFETY Handling Chemicals Safely What do I do with hazardous waste? 1. Identify and Label with a Hazardous Waste Tag. 2.Follow the container requirements. 3. Store the waste safely in the shop. 4.Dispose of waste within 90 days from the first point of generation.(Coordinate waste pick-up with the NEPA Office prior to reaching the 90 day limit)
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https://youtu.be/i0KvgPxdUS4 https://youtu.be/dzX6IaPPmiw
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Electrical Safety
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Emergency Procedures Emergency procedures are written set of instructions that outlines what workers and others at the workplace should do in an emergency
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Serious Accident or Injury Sample Emergency Procedures ●Do not move a seriously injured person unless there is a life-threatening situation. ●Call 991. Give your name, location, and telephone number. ●Give as much information as possible regarding the nature of the injury or illness, whether or not the victim is conscious, etc. ●Keep the victim as calm and comfortable as possible. ●Remain with the victim until the emergency personnel arrive.
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Sample Emergency Procedures -Fire Upon discovering a fire: ●Close the door to the room where the fire is located. Immediately sound the building fire alarm. ●Call 119 ●If the fire is small, you may wish to fight it with a fire extinguisher or building hose. Be sure you are using the proper extinguisher for the type of fire you are fighting. ●If the fire is large, very smoky, or rapid-spreading, evacuate the building immediately and inform other inthe process ●Walk; do not run, to the nearest exit ●Evacuate to a distance of at least 500 feet from the building and stay out of the way of emergency personnel. ●Notify emergency personnel on the scene if you suspect someone may be trapped inside the building
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Sample Emergency Procedures -Earthquake During the Earthquake: 1.Stay calm and try to calm and reassure others. 2.If indoors, stay indoors. Seek shelter under a sturdy desk or table. Cover your head and torso to protect yourself from objects that could fall during an earthquake. Make every attempt to hold on to the piece of furniture in order to remain protected (large earthquakes will cause the furniture to move if not held on to). 3.If outdoors, get into an open area away from trees, buildings, walls, and power lines. 4.Stay away from windows, shelves, heavy objects, or anything that can fall. 5.Do not rush for exit. You may be struck by falling debris, stairways may be broken, and walkways may be jammed with people. 6.DO NOT use elevators, as the power may be off.
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Sample Emergency Procedures -Earthquake After the Earthquake: ●Evacuate buildings if the earthquake seemed serious enough to cause structural damage by moving quickly to the evacuation point shown on the Emergency Exit Plan posted in each room. ●Expect aftershocks ●Check for injuries, trapped persons, and disabled persons in your vicinity. ●Check for fires. If you can, extinguish with a fire extinguisher if it can not leave ●Do not use electric equipment ●Do not touch downed power lines, other exposed wires, or objects touched by downed lines. ●Do not return to an evacuated building until instructed to do so by emergency personnel.
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https://youtu.be/7gHEtGY4chE?t=102 https://youtu.be/TQQbtCQ4diU?t=122 https://youtu.be/OSGHpjjqSo8
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Lockout/Tagout
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What is Lockout/Tagout? Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) establishes a means of positive control to prevent the accidental starting or activating of machinery or systems while they are being repaired, cleaned and/or serviced. By physically locking out and tagging out each energy source associated with a machine, accidents can be prevented.
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What is Lockout/Tagout? Lockout- is a physical process that stops the energy of a piece of equipment at its source, creating a “Zero Energy State”. A typical scenario is that a power switch, circuit breaker, or valve is turned off, and a locking device is attached to prevent the power from being turned back on.
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What is Lockout/Tagout? Tagout- is a written warning on a tag that describes the tag out procedure. The tag displays the name of the service person and the duration of time that the machine will be locked and tagged out.
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What is Lockout/Tagout? What Steps Must Be Taken When Implementing LOTO? 1. Notify all affected employees before beginning LOTO and verify that they are a safe distance from the machine. Identify any potential hazards and the primary and any secondary energy sources used in the machine. 2. Shut down and terminate the flow of energy into the machine at the local and main power source. There may be more than one local source. 3. Isolate the energy sources and prevent unexpected movement. Bleeding, blocking, venting, etc. may also be needed. 4. Connect the designated lock or tag to the energy control(s). Each user must have their own lock, tag, and key. Place the locks and/or tags so that they are clearly visible.
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What is Lockout/Tagout? What Steps Must Be Taken When Implementing LOTO 5. Test the machine to ensure that no energy is flowing. Turn “on” the local switch control(s) to make sure that zero energy is reached. Be sure to turn them “off” before moving to the next step. 6. Perform maintenance, service, or repair. 7. When service or maintenance is complete, remove all tools and keep the energy switches in the “off” position. 8. Remove the lock and/or tag. The individual(s) who placed the lock or tag is the only person(s) authorized to remove it. 9. Make sure affected employees are a safe distance from the machine. Turn on the energy in the reverse order that the energy sources were taken off-line and test the machine for proper operation. Notify other workers that the machine is operational again.
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General Auto shop Safety
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