1. I MPLEMENTATION OF FRACTAL ANTENNA USING METAMATERIALS FOR SMART APPLICATIONS T.Durga Prasad 1260416408 Under the guidance of Prof.V. Malleswara Rao

2. I NDEX Introduction Metamaterials Applications Fractal antenna Literature survey Objectives References 2

3. I NTRODUCTION The development of mobile communication systems has grown together with the increasing demand for Internet and localization services Consequently, miniaturized antennas are in increasing demand. In addition, multiple antenna systems (MIMO), which traditionally suffer from couplings between the antenna elements, are often used to improve the signal quality and coverage in complex propagation scenarios such as urban or indoor environments. Therefore, the antenna design strategies have become more complex. On the other hand, over the last decades, Metamaterials (MTMs) have caught the attention of the scientific community. Metamaterials are basically artificially engineered materials which can provide unusual electromagnetic properties not present in nature. 3

4. 4 METAMATERIALS : Metamaterials are artificial engineered composite structures that can be designed to exhibit specific electromagnetic properties not observed in the constituent materials and not commonly found in nature. What’s a double negative (DNG) medium and how does it work? Backward waves and negative refraction Applications

5. 5 Double Negative Media (DNG) DPS MNGENG DNG SNGpropagation propagation

6. 6 Backward Propagation E H Right-handed Medium k E k H Left-handed Medium SS DPS medium DNG medium

7. 7 Negative Refraction kiki ktkt krkr ii tt rr air kiki ktkt krkr ii tt rr DPS DNG Regular refraction Regular refraction Negative refraction Negative refraction

8. 8 The Split Ring Resonator (SRR)  External magnetic field penetrates through the rings and currents are induced.  Gap prevents currents from flowing around the ring, which considerably increases the resonance frequency of the structure.  SRR provides a resonant structure which is much smaller than the resonance wavelength.    

9. 9 The Split Ring Resonator (SRR)

10. 10 Double Negative Media

11. A DVANTAGES OF M ETAMATERIALS Using metamaterials in antenna design may leads to size reduction, gain and bandwidth enhancement. It seems that antenna miniaturization is the most promising advantage and there are some commercial miniaturized antennas that use metamaterials. suppression of surface wave in the case of microstrip antenna takes place, which results in the gain enhancement and also reduction of side lobes which make radiation pattern better. with proper selection of matematerial one can also get improvement in Bandwidth. Nanotechnology currently provides the technology to fabricate metamaterials for a very broad frequency range up to optical frequencies. This makes the concept of metamaterials very attractive for future technologies. 11

12. 12 APPLICATIONS: Cloaking devices Metamaterial antennas: increased performance and miniaturization

13. F RACTAL ANTENNA : A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, self-similar design to maximize the length, or increase the perimeter (on inside sections or the outer structure), of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume Fractal antennas are also referred to as multilevel and space filling curves, but the key aspect lies in their repetition of a motif over two or more scale sizes or "iterations". For this reason, fractal antennas are very compact, multiband or wideband, and have useful applications in cellular telephone and microwave communications A fractal antenna's response differs markedly from traditional antenna designs, in that it is capable of operating with good-to-excellent performance at many different frequencies simultaneously. 13

14. 14 A fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of which is (at least approximately) a reduced-size copy of the whole. Fractals are generally self -similar and independent of scale Fractals also describe many real-world objects, such as clouds, mountains, turbulence, and coastlines that do not correspond to simple geometric shapes Fractals are space-filling contours; means having electrically large features can be efficiently packed into small areas. Since electrical lengths play an important role in antenna designs, this efficient packing can be used as a viable miniaturization technique

15. FRACTAL ANTENNA ATTRIBUTES : Large bandwidths Classical antenna configurations can be made in Fractal designs Design theory is still heavy in mathematics Both wire and slot designs available in Fractal Configurations Gain issues are still being debated by the Electromagnetic community Good efficiency when low loss materials are used 15

16. M ETAMATERIAL BASED FRACTAL ANTENNA We Have Defined Fractal Antennas And Attributes Fractal Antennas Are Smaller Than Normal Antennas Fractal Antennas Are Still Being Develop; Gain Is Not As Good As Normal Antennas. Bandwidth Is Much Larger Than Normal Antennas We Have Defined Metamaterial Antennas; They Can Produce Very Large Size Reductions On Most Antennas Will Provide Large Bandwidths And Steering Attributes Without Moving Parts. 16

17. L ITERATURE SURVEY ON METAMATERIAL BASED FRACTAL ANTENNAS Publish er yearAuthorTitle of the paper Limitati on result IEEE2018Suganthi SOptimized Metamaterial Loaded Square Fractal Antenna for Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement Designed only for S band Gain 9.8 dB BW3.2 GHz RL-38.9 dB at 2.5 GHz IEEE2015RajeshKumar,S arika,M.R.Tripa thy Fractal Antenna with Meta- material inspired DGS Limited BW 2.4 to 9.8 GHz RL -31.8dB at 5.3Ghz IET2018Sameer K. Sharma, Mahmoud A. Abdalla, Zhirun Hu Miniaturisation of an electrically small metamaterial inspired antenna using additional conducting layer gain is compromised electrically small and covers various cellular bands such as GSM 900, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and Wi- MAX IEEE2019Wenquan Cao, Wenyu Ma, Wenfang Peng, and Zhi Ning Chen Bandwidth- Enhanced Electrically Large Microstrip Antenna Loaded With SRR Structures Large number of antennas should be used,cost is more Higher gain MMW and terahertz wave band 17

18. 18 PublisheryearAuthorTitle of the paper Limitatio n result IJETT2016 Nikhil Kulkarni,G. B. Lohiya A Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial No miniaturization the frequency range of L, S and C bands IEEE2014Salim Lamari, Roman Kubacki, Miroslaw Czyzewski Frequency Range Widening of the Microstrip Antenna with the Sierpinski Fractal Patterned Metamaterial Structure radiation pattern mainly directed in the horizontal plane Wide BW 4.439 to 15.785 GHz,Reduction in size IEEE2018Yahiea Alnaiemy, Nagy Lajos Design and analysis of Ultra- Wide Band (UWB) antennas based on metamaterial No practical results improvement in bandwidth, gain, return loss, efficiency, radiation pattern IJMCR2018Rinki Chauhan, Er. Ankur Singhal Design & Simulation of Fractal Antenna with Metamaterial Substrates for Wireless Application operates at 3.45 GHz improving gain & bandwidth IEEE2017Wei E. I. Liu, Zhi Ning Chen, Xianming Qing, Jin Shi, and Feng Han Lin, “ Miniaturized Wideband Metasurface Antennas Operates at 5.5GHz antenna miniaturization

19. O BJECTIVE OF THE WORK From the Review of existing Literature, the proposed work objectives are listed as, Objective1:To review the basic models of fractal antennas and calculate their parameters for comparison. Objective2:To achieve high bandwidth of fractal antenna. Objective3:To obtain high gain of fractal antenna using metamaterials. Objective4:To obtain high performance using hybrid model for both gain and bandwidth using metamaterials. Objective5:To obtain a smart model of fractal antenna using metamaterials. 19

20. R EFERENCES 1. Suganthi S, “Optimized Metamaterial Loaded Square Fractal Antenna for Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement”, 12th International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena – Metamaterials 2018 Espoo, Finland, Aug. 27th – Sept. 1st, 2018. 2. Rajesh Kumar,Sarika,M.R.Tripathy, “Fractal Antenna with Meta-material inspired DGS”, 2015 Second International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication Engineering, 2015 IEEE. 3. Sameer K. Sharma, Mahmoud A. Abdalla, Zhirun Hu, “ Miniaturisation of an electrically small metamaterial inspired antenna using additional conducting layer”, IET Microw. Antennas Propag., 2018, Vol. 12 Iss. 8, pp. 1444-1449. 4. Wenquan Cao, Member, IEEE, Wenyu Ma, Wenfang Peng, and Zhi Ning Chen, “Bandwidth-Enhanced Electrically Large Microstrip Antenna Loaded With SRR Structures”, IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 18, NO. 4, APRIL 2019. 5. Nikhil Kulkarni, G. B. Lohiya, “A Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume-42 Number-7 - December 2016. 6. Salim Lamari, Roman Kubacki, Miroslaw Czyzewski, “Frequency Range Widening of the Microstrip Antenna with the Sierpinski Fractal Patterned Metamaterial Structure”, 20th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications,2014 IEEE. 7. Yahiea Alnaiemy, Nagy Lajos, “Design and analysis of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) antennas based on metamaterial”, 11th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing,2018 IEEE. 8. Rinki Chauhan, Er. Ankur Singhal, “Design & Simulation of Fractal Antenna with Metamaterial Substrates for Wireless Application”, International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, Volume 6 Issue 01 January-2018, Page no.-1847-1851. 9. Wei E. I. Liu, Zhi Ning Chen, Xianming Qing, Jin Shi, and Feng Han Lin, “Miniaturized Wideband Metasurface Antennas”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 65, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2017. 20

21.  THANK YOU