1. UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MR. A.K. DUA (KIET,GHAZIABAD) Design And Simulation Of Rectangular Patch Antenna Presented By:- Aali garg Aurv Sharma Jagveer Singh Manvendra Singh

2. Outline Objective. Introduction to Microstrip line? Applications of Microstrip line. Advantage & Disadvantages Introduction to Microstrip Antenna Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna. Essential Antenna performance parameters Designing Equations. Contd….

3. Outline Design and Analysis of Rectangular Patch Antenna. IE3D overview Results of Rectangular Patch Antenna. Conclusion. Future scope. Paper accepted. References.

4. Objective  Design a high performance rectangular patch antenna.  To obtain frequency response without spurious bands.  Achieve desired high gain to get proper linear polarization.  Investigation of Simulated response using IE3D Simulator.

5. Introduction to Microstrip A conducting strip with a width W and a thickness t is on the top of a dielectric substrate that has a relative dielectric constant and a thickness h and the bottom of the substrate is a conducting plane. Contd….

6. Introduction to Microstrip Definition A transmission line consisting of a strip conductor and a ground plane separated by a dielectric medium. Fundamentals Realize L & C with Width & Length at higher RF frequencies Conductor of Width : w Height : h Relative permittivity : ε r Thickness : t Frequency : f Contd….

7. Introduction to Microstrip MICROSTRIP LINE: Transmission characteristics of microstrips are described by two parameters, namely, the effective dielectric constant ε re and characteristic impedance Z c, which may be obtained by The electric field is at a maximum at both edges and goes to zero in the center.

8. Advantages & Disadvantages  Advantages Low cost,small size,no cutoff frequency Compatibility to monolithic circuits Disadvantages  Higher loss, lower power-handling capability Greater temperature instability Applications of Microstrip Line Navigation Spacecrafts Satellites, Mobile and Wireless Applications Military applications like radars, electronic counter measures and electronic support measures

9. Introduction to Microstrip Antenna An antenna projects radiation into space. Microstrip antennas starting in 1970s, although the idea of a microstrip antenna is a patent in 1955. Microstrip antennas consist of very thin layer metallic strip (patch) placed a small fraction of a wavelength (h<< λ 0 ) above a ground plane. A source is used to feed the antenna. Antennas radiate better in certain directions and not as well in others.

10. Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna Figure shows the design of conventional patch. Substrate clad with two conductive layers (FR4 – Glass Epoxy). Resonant frequency based on dimensions and substrate properties. Coaxial probe used as transmission line to excite patch antenna Layout of the proposed rectangular patch antenna with L =2.822cm & W=3.6489cm

11. Specifications of Rectangular Patch Antenna Operating frequency= 2.5GHz Polarization = Linear Input connector = Coaxial Probe Substrate & dielectric permittivity (  r) = FR4, 4.4 Environmental condition = -10  C to +45  C, 90 % humidity. Shape of the patch antenna = Rectangle

12. Specifications of Rectangular Patch Antenna Height of the substrate = 1.6mm Patch length = 28.22mm. Patch Width = 36.48mm Dielectric constant of the substrate= 4.4 Effective dielectric constant= 4.076

13. Essential Antenna Performance Parameters Gain and Directivity Bandwidth Beam width Impedance Polarization

14. Designing Equations ……………(1) ………….(2) ……………(3) ……………(4)

15. Methodology of the Project Study of microstrip patch antenna Design of rectangular patch antenna Simulation & verification using IE3D of rectangular patch Design of optimized rectangular patch antenna Simulation & verification using IE3D of optimized rectangular patch Fabrication of the model Comparison between simulated and measured results

16. Geometry of Rectangular Patch Antenna  LI = 52mm, W1= 13 mm  r =4.4, h = 1.6 mm  F = (0,-5)

17. C onventional Design

18. Designing Procedure for RP Antenna Designing Procedure:- For an efficient radiator,a practical width that leads to good radiation efficiency is calculated using equation 4. Determine the effective dielectric constant of microstrip antenna using eq. 5 Determine the extension of the length dL using eq. 3. Actual length of the patch can now be determine by solving eq. 1.

19. Zeland Program Manager

20. Main view of MGRID

21. Defining the parameters of the antenna substrate  a. Top surface, Ztop: Enter the z dimension of the top surface. In this case, it is  1.524 mm (60 mils)  b. Dielectric Constant: This field represents the dielectric constant of the layer.  Enter 3.4 here for the dielectric constant of the RO4003C substrate  c. Loss tangent: Enter 0.002 for the loss tangent in this field.

22. Following Steps  d)The next step is to draw the antenna and the layout. In this case we will use a rectangular patch, fed with a simple micro strip line. The feeding micro strip line is a 50 Ω line and the impedance of the antenna is matched to 50 Ω by using an inset feed. We will draw the structure in multiple stages as follows in the following steps.

23. Simulation Result

24. Conclusion Microstrip components found to have spurious response at even order frequencies due to the absence of homogeneous substrate. It is known fact that spurious bands degrade performances. The proposed patch antenna will be designed using above designing parameters and the responses obtained using IE3D simulation software.

25. Future Scope The rectangular patch antenna has been implemented and analyzed using IE3D. To improve the gain of rectangular patch antenna, probe feed has been used. Future work can be focused on the analysis and design of antennas for advanced technologies like, ultra-wideband and cognitive radio.

26. References [1] D. R. Jackson, J. T. Williams, A. K. Bhattacharyya, R. L. Smith, S. J. Buchheit, and S. A. Long, “Microstrip patch designs that do not excite surface waves,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 41, pp 1026 – 1037., Aug 1993. [2] J.-Y. Deng, Y.-Z. Yin, Y.-H. Huang, J. Ma, and Q.-Z. Liu,” Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With Wide Beamwidth For Compass Satellite Servece” National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China, Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 11, 113-118,2009. [3] C. Terret, S Assailly, K. Mahdjoubi, and M. Edimo, “Mutual coupling between stacked square microstrip antennas fed on their diagonal,” IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagat., vol. 39, pp. 1049 – 1051, July 1991. [4] A. Mitchell, M. Lech., D. M. Kokotoff, and R.B.Waterhouse, “Search for high performance probe-fed stacked patches using optimizaton,” IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagat., vol. 51, pp. 249 – 255, Feb. 2003.