1. Unification of Italy

2. Italian Unification
Italy in the early 19th century was a divided country.
Much of it was dominated by Austria.
Italian nationalism was reawakened by the armies of Napoleon.

3. Obstacles to Unification
Tiny city-states
Petty rulers reluctant to give up power
Austria controlled northern Italy
Pope did not want to give up control over Papal States
Economic difficulties
French opposition – France did not want a strong neighbor in Italy.

4. Goals of Nationalism Risorgimento: resurrection or rebirth Unification
Democracy

5. Leadership Giuseppe Mazzini The “SOUL” of Italian Unification
Inspired nationalism through writings and speeches
Young Italy

6. Leadership Giuseppe Garibaldi The “SWORD” of Italian unification
Organized an army called the Red Shirts, which carried out a successful rebellion to unite Italy

7. Leadership Camillo Cavour The “brains” of unification
Used economic reforms to lead Italy to its goal!
REAL POLITIK

8. Leadership Victor Emmanuel II
King of Piedmont Sardinia and the focal point for unity
“Not the most beautiful structure in Rome, the Victor Emmanuel monument has been given nicknames such as 'typewriter' and 'wedding cake'.”

9. Methods 1859 Austro-Sardinia War : Sardinia got control of Lombardy
Parma, Modena and Tuscany revolted and joined Sardinia.
Garibaldi took the Kingdom of the two Sicilies from France and turned them over to Sardinia.
1866 Austro-Prussian War: Italy sided with Prussia and was awarded Venetia
1870 Franco-Prussian War: Napoleon III of France had to withdraw troops from the Papal States to defend France. Italy took the Papal States.

10. What kind of State evolved?
A constitutional monarchy after Great Britain’s
Cultural and economic gulf between north and south
Regional loyalties remained strong
Failures of centralized state responsible for the growth of fascism in the 1920s.