1. An analysis of the growth of ImperialismBy
Mr. Stankus

2. Imperialism Defined
Imperialism – when one country takes control of another country
(political, economic, cultural)
"old:" direct political control (since ancient times)
"new:" economic control (Age of Imperialism)
after industrialization in Europe
1880s "scramble for Africa"
1885 Berlin conference
"cultural" (soft): after de-colonization
Goal of all 3: economic extraction
1885 Conference of Berlin to carve up Africa. 14 European countries and US, no African nations represented. In two decades Africa was divided up.

3. One Tin Soldier Rides Away
An Analysis of the nature of Imperialism and its association with War, and Violence

4. Listen, children, to a story That was written long ago, 'Bout a kingdom on a mountain And the valley-folk below.
On the mountain was a treasure Buried deep beneath the stone, And the valley-people swore They'd have it for their very own.

5. Go ahead and hate your neighbor, Go ahead and cheat a friend
Go ahead and hate your neighbor, Go ahead and cheat a friend. Do it in the name of Heaven, You can justify it in the end.

6. There won't be any trumpets blowing Come the judgement day, On the bloody morning after.... One tin soldier rides away.

7. So the people of the valley Sent a message up the hill, Asking for the buried treasure, Tons of gold for which they'd kill. Came an answer from the kingdom, "With our brothers we will share All the secrets of our mountain, All the riches buried there."

8. Now the valley cried with anger, "Mount your horses. Draw your sword
Now the valley cried with anger, "Mount your horses! Draw your sword!" And they killed the mountain-people, So they won their just reward.

9. Now they stood beside the treasure, On the mountain, dark and red
Now they stood beside the treasure, On the mountain, dark and red. Turned the stone and looked beneath it... "Peace on Earth" was all it said.

10. Go ahead and hate your neighbor, Go ahead and cheat a friend
Go ahead and hate your neighbor, Go ahead and cheat a friend. Do it in the name of Heaven, You can justify it in the end.

11. There won't be any trumpets blowing Come the judgement day, On the bloody morning after.... One tin soldier rides away.

12. Go ahead and hate your neighbor, Go ahead and cheat a friend
Go ahead and hate your neighbor, Go ahead and cheat a friend. Do it in the name of Heaven, You can justify it in the end.

13. There won't be any trumpets blowing Come the judgement day, On the bloody morning after.... One tin soldier rides away.

14. Modern Imperialism
Types of control – settlement colonies, dependent colonies, protectorates, spheres of influence
National rivals – nations wanted more colonies

15. Colonialism becomes Imperialism
Settler colonies
Europeans went to stay (13 colonies; Latin America; Boers)
before industrialization
Politically dependent states
administered by imperial power
Europeans come and go
goal: economic extraction

16. How did the Industrial Revolution lead to an age of Imperialism?
ECONOMICS WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE FACTOR IN THIS "NEW IMPERIALISM." MUCH OF THIS ECONOMIC EMPHASIS WAS BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
POLITICAL NATIONALISM WAS ANOTHER POWERFUL FACTOR
MILITARISM NEED OF CONTROLLING STRATEGIC AREAS AND ESTABLISHING KEY MILITARY BASES
SOCIAL: HUMANITARIAN/RELIGIOUS
ECONOMICS WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE FACTOR IN THIS "NEW IMPERIALISM." MUCH OF THIS ECONOMIC EMPHASIS WAS BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, WHICH CREATED LARGE SURPLUSES OF EUROPEAN CAPITAL AND HEAVY DEMANDS FOR RAW MATERIALS. ADDITIONALLY, IT BROUGHT ABOUT THE ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL IN THE MAJOR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WHICH SOUGHT INVESTMENT ABROAD.
NATIONALISM WAS ANOTHER POWERFUL FACTOR. SOCIAL DARWINISM, WITH ITS CONCEPT OF "SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST" AND THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE "WHITE MAN'S BURDEN" MADE POPULAR BY THE ENGLISHMAN RUDYARD KIPLING CONTRIBUTED TO THE SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM IN EXTENDING COLONIALISM. THERE WAS ALSO POLITICAL PRESTIGE IN HAVING COLONIES AS IMPERIALISM BECAME A RACE TO ACQUIRE MORE IN THE SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM.
MILITARY A THIRD REASON FOR THIS "NEW" IMPERIALISM WAS MILITARY. MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS IN EACH MAJOR COUNTRY WIELDED GREAT POLITICAL POWER, AND THEY EMPHASIZED THE NEED, WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE GOVERNMENTS, OF CONTROLLING STRATEGIC AREAS AND ESTABLISHING KEY MILITARY BASES.
HUMANITARIAN/RELIGIOUS A FOURTH REASON WAS HUMANITARIAN/RELIGIOUS, WHICH OFTEN BECAME INTERTWINED WITH NATIONALISM.

17. Economic Results Factory System Mass Production
Higher Standard of Living (increased demand)
Rise of Corporations
World Trade/Economic Interdependence
Economic Competition: selling of goods & gaining of resources

18. Political Results Growth of Middle Class & Working Class
Growth of Mass Media (news around the world)
Growth of Nationalism (Urge to Dominate)
Leads to Imperialism
Leads to Militarism

19. Social Results Cities Grow/Population Grows Technology Increases
Women’s status increases
Humanitarian Aid increases
Public education/medicine
Missionary activity
Social Darwinism
(survival of the fittest leads to the right of the fittest to dominate)

21. #1 - ENGLAND #2 - FRANCE #3 - GERMANY #4 - BELGIUM #5 - PORTUGAL
THE RANKING OF COUNTRIES THAT MADE THE LARGEST ADDITION TO THEIR COLONIAL DOMAINS DURING THE "NEW IMPERIALISM" WERE:
#1 - ENGLAND
#2 - FRANCE
#3 - GERMANY
#4 - BELGIUM
#5 - PORTUGAL
#6 - NETHERLANDS
- IN COLONIAL POLICY, BRITAIN AND FRANCE WERE CONSIDERED THE FAIREST AND MOST EFFICIENT IN RAISING THE STANDARD OF LIVING AMONG THE NATIVES. BELGIUM AND PORTUGAL DID THE LEAST TO RAISE THE STANDARDS OF THEIR NATIVE POPULATIONS.
- RUSSIA ACQUIRED NO OVERSEAS POSSESSIONS, BUT RATHER MOVED EASTWARD ACROSS THE LAND MASS OF ASIA TO THE PACIFIC.

22. Effects of imperialism
colonial powers built new communications and transportation systems
established universities, and introduced modern medical practices
exporting natural resources without providing economic return for most of the people.
Many colonial administrations were insensitive to local customs and destroyed old ways of life.

24. Age of Imperialism

25. The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it.
Joseph Conrad ( ), Polish-born English novelist. The Heart of Darkness, ch. 1 (1902).

26. How did Africa change as a result of Imperialism?
In Africa
How did Africa change as a result of Imperialism?

27. Berlin Conference 1885

28. Reading: The Berlin Conference 1884
Answer these questions based on the reading
1. List 3 reasons why Europeans wanted to take over Africa?
2. What was the Berlin Conference?
3. What agreements came out of the Berlin Conference?
4. What considerations were made by the Europeans to the native Africans?
5. Make a guess: How will the decisions made at the conference change Africa?

29. Africa Map Comparison
Old Africa
New Africa

30. What is the main difference between the 2 maps?
2. What part did the Berlin Conference play in the creation MAP 2?
3. What happened to the native African political entities by 1914?
4. According to Map 2-- Which 2 European countries held the most territory in Africa?

31. PREDICTION: What will happen to Africa as a result of Imperialism?
What benefits will Africa experience?
What challenges will Africa face?

32. European Claims in North Africa
Explain why the French wanted to gain control of North Africa.
Identify the events and aims that promoted British expansion in North and East Africa.

34. The French in North Africa
Empire expansion
Strait of Gilbraltar

36. The British in North Africa
Egypt and the Suez Canal – connected Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea; put Egypt into deep debt
The Fashoda crisis – French and British clashed over Sudan; France yielded

38. European Claims in Sub-Saharan Africa
Objectives:
Describe the patterns of colonization that Europeans followed in West Africa.
Identify what Europeans gained by colonizing central and East Africa.
Explain why South Africa was so important to the colonial powers.
Examine the effect imperialism had on all of Africa.

39. Competition for West Africa
French fought for control of Senegal
British battled to rule Gold Coast
Europeans wanted to gain control of raw materials

41. Competition for Central and East Africa
Wealth in trade.

42. Competition for Southern Africa
The Boers – spoke their own language, fought Zulu for control
Rhodes and his influence – controlled diamond production
The Boer War – Boers wanted to keep Britain from mining in Transvaal, were defeated; British allowed them to keep their language and provided funding for postwar reconstruction
British were criticized for initiating the war and for the use of concentration camps for the Boers.

44. Meeting of Henry Stanley and David Livingston.

45. Leopold II ruler of Belgium Congo 1884-1908

46. The maxim machine gun.

47. German view of British imperialism
German view of British imperialism. The lack of an imperial German Navy allowed the British to defeat the Boers in Africa.

48. Anglo-German naval rivalry.

49. Cecil Rhodes, the colossus of Africa, sought to build a railroad from Cape town to Cairo. He made a fortune over diamond mining.

50. Diamond mining

51. Gold miners in Johannesburg

52. The Effect of Imperialism on Africa
New medicines
New ways of farming
Africans lost freedom

53. Chart Analysis
    Answer the following questions based on the chart

54. Percentage of Africa Controlled by European Countries in 1913
What percentage of Africa was colonized by 1913?
According to the graph, Which 2 European countries held the most territory in Africa? (did you get the same answer as #4 in the Map Comparison above?)
3. What percentage Africa was controlled by the rest of the countries (excluding the 2 countries mentioned in #2)?
4. Think about it: Would the information in MAP 2 and the pie chart above be the same if there had never been a Berlin Conference?
5. Using ALL of the information you have learned about the 'Scramble for Africa' draw your own cartoon about the 'Scramble for Africa'. Your cartoon should contain more detailed information than the cartoon above.

55. Britain takes over Burma in 1885.

56. Expansion in Asia Objectives:
Describe the role Great Britain played in the development of India.
Explain how Japan changed its ancient and tradition-based culture in response to Western imperialism.
Explain how Western imperialism affected the peoples of Southeast Asia.
Explain why European and American imperialists were interested in the Pacific islands.

58. British Imperialism in India
The nature of British rule – British sense of superiority prevented social or political contact with Indians; developed Western-style schools taught in English
The rise of Indian nationalism – some wanted to keep aspects of Western culture and move toward independence gradually; others wanted to break away from Western influence completely
The Caste System helped the British to gain control of India

59. Rudyard Kipling, British, born in Bombay, lived in India

60. India supreme court British law judge is British, jury Hindus and Muslim

61. Sepoy Muntiny 1857 revolt of Indian soldiers in British army
Sepoy Muntiny 1857 revolt of Indian soldiers in British army. Soldiers refused to use bullets coated in animal fat which they had to bite to load in their rifles. Deeper roots was imposition of western culture.

62. Execution of Sepoy mutineers

63. Japanese Responses to Imperialism
The Meiji Restoration – removed old system of social classes, required all to attend school, new constitution
Industrialization – Western factory machinery, sent students and leaders to learn Western ways
The Sino-Japanese War – Japan and China fought over control of Korea; made Japan major world power

65. Imperialism in Southeast Asia
British colonies – Burma and Singapore
French gains – French Indochina
The Dutch East Indies – reformed colonial policies

67. U.S. Interests in the Pacific Islands
The Samoa Islands – trading post, coaling station, and naval base
The Hawaiian Islands – naval base, sugarcane and pineapple plantations
The Philippines, Guam, and Wake Island

69. Economic Imperialism Investments
Loans for public improvements, armies and navies
Forces control of countries who couldn’t repay

70. The Spanish-American War
United States controlled Cuba and won Puerto Rico
Spain lost holdings in the Caribbean and Pacific

74. The Panama Canal
Greatly reduced travel times and shipping costs

75. The Roosevelt Corollary
United States would protect independence of Western Hemisphere countries
United States would assure repayment of Latin American countries’ loans

76. Mexico’s Revolution
Economic, social, and political inequality

77. Are we in a new age of Imperialism?

78. Anti-imperialism Today: Extreme Views
What is globalization?
What is the IMF?
What is the World Bank?

80. Review
1. What evidence is there that an industrialized country can control a country that is not industrialized?
2. What evidence is there to show that areas were colonized because they met the transportation needs of other, more powerful countries?
3. What evidence is there to show that areas were colonized for natural resources?