1. 5:24 Imperialism

2. Africa before Imperialism
Hausa—West African Shia Muslims, called for jihad (holy war) to enforce sharia law and force non-Muslims into slavery
Sokoto Caliphate ( )—Islamic reformers who challenged Hausa kings, est. largest empire since Songhay
capital Sokoto became Muslim center of learning
non-Muslims paid the jiza, or forced into slave trade

3. Africa before Imperialism
Zulu Kingdom ( )—fierce military empire in South Africa created by Shaka Zulu
moved south Africa away from clans to centralized monarchy
Conquered men integrated to army, women and children made slaves

4. Africa before Imperialism
African slave trade finally abolished in late 1800s
coolies—indentured servants from India, China, and Japan sent to work on plantations in the Americas
considered a good opportunity from poverty

5. European Imperialism
imperialism—the act of a country extending its power (social, political, economic) over other territories
colonialism—imperial country takes physical control of the land of other territories

6. European Imperialism
The Scramble for Africa ( )— competition among European nations to take over Africa
Berlin Conference ( )—European countries agree to peacefully divide up Africa based on “effective occupation”
goals: take raw materials, show national strength and white superiority, bring Christianity to Africans, end the slave trade

7. European Imperialism
Social Darwinism—idea that humans compete with each other for survival, fittest are superior
Rudyard Kippling’s “White Man’s Burden” (1899)—metaphor for the responsibility of white colonists to “civilize” non-whites, justifies imperialism

8. European Imperialism
Leopold II of Beligum ( )— created the Congo Free State, run by private company
Forced Congo people to harvest rubber from the rainforest, mutilations for not meeting production quotas
Inspiration for Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness (1902)

9. European Imperialism
New Imperialism—Europeans use economic and technological power to reshape Africa politically and culturally
Egypt and Ethiopia understood threat of European military power, began modernization
European-style military schools, Suez Canal, railroads
“My country is no longer in Africa; it is in Europe” – Ismail Ali of Egypt

10. European Imperialism
By the end of the 1800s, the only nations that had not been colonized by European countries:
Asia: Thailand (Siam)
Africa: Ethiopia and Liberia
Battle of Adowa (1896)—African nation of Ethiopia under King Menelik defeated Italian colonizers using Western military techniques
showed African forces could resist European takeover

11. European Imperialism
Boers, aka Afrikaaners—Dutch, German, French Protestants who settled in Cape Town, South Africa
South African War ( )—British vs. Boers for control of South Africa, British victory
Cecil Rhodes ( )—British governor of South Africa, envisioned a “Cape to Cairo” railway

12. US Imperialism
Mexican-American War (1846)—US annexes Texas (despite its revolution in 1836)
Annexation of California ( ) and Hawaii (1898)
Seward’s Folly (1867)—purchase of Alaska from Russia
Spanish-American War (1898)—United States receives Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain