1. Von Thunen’s Agricultural Model
Explains the connection of different agricultural practices and the location of the market. Accounts for land needed and transportation costs.
Brandt Line
Theorized in 1980, this divides the world between the developed North and the less developed South.

2. De Blij’s Sub-Saharan African City Model Burgess Concentric Zone Model
Three CBDs (Traditional market, European colonial,
modern developing CBD). Mining and industry on outskirts of city, townships close to areas where they work, ethnic neighborhoods reflect tribal identities.
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
Based off the assumption that the CBD is at the center of the city and home values increase as distance from the city increases.

3. Harris Galactic (Peripheral) Model Reilly’s Gravity Model
A city model that’s been taken over by car based living and has been affected by urban sprawl. It has a rapidly growing suburb, and an increasing number of edge cities, connected with a highway loop.
Reilly’s Gravity Model
A model that suggests that population size and distance are the two most significant factors in determining the extent of the relationship and interaction between two cities.

4. Griffin-Ford Latin American City Model
Includes a thriving CBD with a commercial spine. The quality of houses decreases as one moves outward away from the CBD, and the areas of worse housing occurs in the disamenity sectors.
Harris & Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model
Increased car use allows for the specialization of regional centers (e.g. heavy industry, business parks, retail areas). The model is suitable for the large, expanding cities & has smaller CBDs near more $ houses on the outskirts.

5. Vance’s Urban Realms Model
This model suggests that cities are made up of small "realms," which are self-sufficient urban areas with independent focal points.
Primate City Rule
The rule stating that the largest city in a country is more than twice as large as the next city and is often the cultural, financial & political “hub” of the country (typically the capital city, but not always)

6. Rank Size Rule Hoyt Sector Model
The rule stating that if all cities in a country are placed in largest-smallest order, each will have a population ½ the size of the preceding city.
Hoyt Sector Model
A city model that developed in wedges, not rings, from the centralized CBD. Each section developed with traditional zoning (residential, industrial) along transportation routes.

7. McGee Southeast Asia City Model Weber’s Least Cost Theory
Centered around a colonial port with sectors of Chinese, Indian, and Western zones. No formal CBD. Division between elites, squatter settlements and new industry.
Weber’s Least Cost Theory
Explains the relationship of cost of labor and transporting materials between bulk-gaining and bulk-reducing industries with centers of production and the distance to markets.

8. United Nations Human Development Index Rostow’s Stages of Development
Measures life expectancy, education (years of schooling), and Gross National Income (adjusted purchasing power parity) and has 4 levels (very high, high, medium, and low)
Rostow’s Stages of Development
A theory for how a country develops economically, starting with traditional agricultural societies, moving towards industrialization, and then becoming post-industrial consumer society.

9. (low = gas station and high = specialized research hospital)
Central Place Theory
Explains the relationships between the location of businesses to the location of population centers.
Threshold & Range
How many people are required to support a good or service and how far a customer will travel for a good/service.
(low = gas station and high = specialized research hospital)

10. Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory Demographic Transition Model
Theorizes the world as a unified economic system in which different countries have different roles and depend on one another. Divides the world into three categories.
Demographic Transition Model E
Explains the connections between development and the changes in the birth rate, death rate, and population growth.