1. Plant Diversity

2. Plants Multicellular organisms Photosynthesize
Cell walls composed of cellulose
Evolved from aquatic algae

3. Phylogenetic Tree
Shows the evolutionary relationships among living organisms
Figure 5.1 (p. 41)
This WILL be on your practical, put a star by it.

5. Example of Practical Questions:
What characteristic do we see arise with Angiosperm plants but do not see in other plant groups?
Which plants have vascular tissue to help with transport of water and nutrients?

6. Types of Plants Embryophytes Vascular plants Seed plants
Produce embryo
Reproduce out of water & colonize on land
Vascular plants
Vascular tissue to transport fluids
Grow larger
Seed plants
Produce seeds (contain embryo)
Adaptations allow for survival, reproduction, and dispersal
Survive drier environments

7. Types of Plants cont. Gymnosperms Angiosperms Seed plants
Lack flowers and fruits
Angiosperms
Produce flowers and fruits

8. Major Plant Phyla Bryophyta Marchantiophyta Lycopodiophyta
Polypodiophyta
Cycadophyta
Ginkgophyta
Gnetophyta
Coniferophyta
Magnoliophyta
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

9. Things to Keep in Mind
The goal of chapter 5 is to introduce you to plant diversity.
The chapter and this power point begin to discuss ideas about plant anatomy and life cycles. Although they are mentioned here, we will not discuss them in depth today. We will pick up with most plant anatomy next week and plant life cycles in Ch 7.
For now, get comfortable with the different Phyla that we focus on and begin to observe the differences you see between these groups.
If we lay a plant specimen out on the table, can you tell us where you think it belongs?

10. Non-Vascular, Seedless Plants
Liverworts and Mosses

11. Phylum Bryophyta (mosses)
Non-vascular, seedless
Restricted to moist environments
Lifecycle dominated by haploid generation (gametophyte).

12. Phylum Marchantiophyta (Liverworts)
Non-vascular, seedless
Restricted to moist environments
Observe through microscope:
Thallus (liver shaped)
undifferentiated vegetative tissue which serves similar functions as the basic plant.
Rhizoids
Holdfast structures to anchor the thallus

13. Identify thallus and rhizoids
Slide #1 – Marchantia thallus slide
Identify thallus and rhizoids
Thallus
Rhizoids

14. Vascular Seedless Plants
Ferns and Relatives

15. Phylum Lycopodiophyta (club mosses)
Vascular tissues
Small, simple leaves
Spore-producing structures are clustered into club- shaped cones called strobili

16. Phylum Polypodiophyta (ferns)
Ferns were the first group of plants to have a well developed vascular system. This allowed them to move farther inland.
However, ferns still rely on water for reproduction, so they are still restricted to moist, humid environments.
Sporophyte is composed of
Fronds: leaf-like structures
Rhizomes: underground stems
Sori: spore producing structures

18. Vascular Seed-Producing Plants
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Produce pollen containing sperm that is transported to the egg
Reproduce in dry environments

19. Gymnoperms
“naked seed”

20. Gymnosperms “naked seed”
Gymnosperms have characteristics that allow them to survive in drier environments.
Seeds
Modified leaves (as needles or scales)
Phylum Gnetophyta
Phylum Ginkgophyta
Phylum Coniferophyta
Phylum Cycadophyta
*Will focus on this Phylum*

21. Angiosperms (Phylum Magnoliophyta)
“seed in a vessel”

22. Phylum Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
Produce
Seeds
flowers and fruits
Majority of plant diversity
Two groups:
Monocots (one cotyledon)
Eudicots – (two cotyledons)
Using Figure 5.6 to begin to identify the differences between Monocots and Eudicots
Note: you can begin to look at this chart. We will pick up with plant anatomy next week.

24. To-Do-List One Slide: “marchantia” – observe the thallus & rhizoids
Plant Specimens in Lab:
Observe the specimens
Look for differences between the Phyla
Phyla names will be used when identifying plants
Next Week:
Bring your own angiosperm plant specimen to lab
You will need this to complete the lab activity
Must have a part of the stem with leaves attached
See instructor example for a reference