1. AP EURO Chapter 18
WWII

2. Road To WWII
Versailles Treaty (WWI) the source of all of Germany’s economic troubles
Map of Europe after 1919
                                                                                                                                         

3. Hitler’s Goals:
1. To bring German speaking “Volk” (people) together as a single nation
2. Lebensraum – the need for more “living space”
3. Removal of “undesirables”
4. Territorial Expansion

4. Hitler “Re-armed” Germany
formed German air force LUFTWAFFE
2. Conscription (draft)
League of Nations condemned act, but did nothing

5. Benito Mussolini Invaded
Ethiopia , on OCT. 1935
Excuse: To avenge defeat in 1896
Logic: wanted to “restore” Roman imperial glory
Wanted to Prove himself

6. Spanish Civil War, 1936 Italy & Germany Provide
Fascist General Francisco Franco
W/ weapons, supplies, troops
Franco gains power 1939

7. Rome –Berlin Axis, 1936
Mussolini & Hitler’s informal alliance

8. Hitler Invaded… (1.) The Rhineland, 1936
Region between Germany & France
“lebensraum” policy began

9. Anti-Comintern Pact, 1937
Alliance formed between : Germany, Italy, Japan
Pledged to oppose international communism

10. Anschluss with Austria, 1938
The “union” of Germany & Austria
Violation of Treaty of Versailles
Czechoslovakia was now threatened

11. Munich Conference, Sept.1938
Hitler Threatens to invade Czechoslovakia
French, Russians, British warn Hitler
They will support Czechs…

12. Hitler Invaded…
Sudentenland 1938 (Czechoslovakia)

13. Nazi- Soviet Pact, 1939
Stalin (U.S.S.R.) Signed non-aggression pact with Hitler (Germany)

14. Hitler Invaded…(Cont’d)
Poland Sept. 1st, 1939
Great Britain & France declared war on Germany
WWII officially began on this date

15. Poland invaded by Germans from the West
Invaded by Soviet Union from the East
Poland divided between the two

16. Why Didn’t Anyone Stop Hitler Prior To Sept. 1st 1939?
The “Appeasement” Policy:
Allowing aggressors to have what they want…
In the hope they will demand no more

17. “Blitzkrieg” The German military strategy “Lightning Warfare”
Brutal surprise attacks by the
“Luftwaffe” – German air force

18. American “Neutrality” 1939
Neutrality Act of 1939
U.S. neutrality in name, not in deed.
Allowd for sale of U.S. weapons/supplies to European allies on a
1. “Cash-and-Carry” basis
2. Destroyers for Bases deal

19. Tripartite Pact
1940 An Alliance between Germany, Japan, Italy

20. 2 Sides ALLIES: 1. Great Britain 2. France 3. U.S. (joined 1941)
4. Soviet Union (joined 1941 After Hitler betrayed Stalin)
AXIS POWERS:
1. Germany
2. Italy
3. Japan

21. (1940) Meanwhile, Hitler… Invaded and conquered Northern Europe
Denmark, Norway April,1940

22. (1940) Hitler Invaded : …
Belgium
Netherlands
Luxembourg
May, 1940

23. And Conquered France! Germans attacked May 10, 1940
France surrendered June 22, 1940
Defeat of France shocked the world

24. Battle of Britain Great Britain bombed Aug. 1940
1 night- 70,000 fire bombs dropped
London bombed every night for 2 months!

25. Battle of Britain Much of London destroyed 15,000 civilian casualties
British won… barely
“Operation Pied Piper” – British children were sent to the countryside for safety reasons

26. Battle of Britain in Film: The Chronicles of Narnia

27. Peter Pan 2: Return to Neverland (2002)

28. Yes, This is a WWII Reference

30. Operation Barbarossa, 1941 Hitler Betrayed Stalin!
And invaded the Soviet Union in June!
And then winter began…
Soviet Union won.. barely

31. Soviet “Night Witches”

32. Holocaust 1941 – “Final Solution”
extermination of Jews, people of color, Gypsies, Clergy, disabled
Gestapo = secret police arrest opponents of Hitler

33. Concentration Camps 1941-1942- transported to concentration camps
Largest: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland
6 Million Jews Killed, 6 Million Non- Jews Killed

34. Persecution of Gypsies
Roma People from various parts of Europe
250,000 – 500,000 Died in the Holocaust

35. American President Roosevelt
Froze Japanese assets in U.S.
Restricted oil exports to Japan
Placed embargo on sale of scrap iron to Japan
In response to Japanese aggression in Asia

36. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii December 7, 1941
Japanese planes attack American fleet
2,400 die
1,200 wounded
U.S. officially joined WWII in 1941

37. The “Big Three” “Big Three” = 1. Franklin D. Roosevelt (U.S.),
2. Winston Churchill (Great Britain),
3. Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)
Agreed to defeating Hitler & Axis Powers
Agreed on Allied Policy

38. “Operation Overlord” – “D-DAY”, 1944
Turning point in war
176,000 Allied Soldiers
British, Canadian, American Troops
600 warships, 10,000 aircraft
Landed in…
Normandy, France

39. “D-Day” June 6, 1944
Allies Launched “amphibious” offensive against German army
Allies won – German troops forced to retreat August. 25

40. And…Allies Liberated France!

41. Allies Arrived in Germany, 1945
British & American Air forces bombed urban centers
Concentration camps liberated in Spring 1945

42. Yalta Conference, 1945 “The Big 3” discussed postwar aftermath
Winston Churchill ( (Great Britain)
Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (U.S.)
Conference began Feb 4, 1945

43. Yalta Conference, 1945 Agreed to divide Germany 4 Zones:
Soviets would control east,
U.S., Great Britain, France would control western Germany
Berlin, Germany = joint occupation
Germany to pay $20 billion in war reparations

44. FDR’S Death American President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Died Suddenly April, 1945
V.P. Harry Truman Became American President

45. The End of WWII Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945
Nazis surrendered in May 7, 1945
Was the war over? Only in Europe
Japan did not surrender until September, 1945 after U.S. Dropped 2 atomic bombs in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Japan)

46. WWII Aftermath… 55-60 Million People died
Half were civilians (Holocaust, Atomic bomb)
2007 Population in California : 38 Million
“Crimes against humanity” enters vocabulary – refers to atrocities committed by Nazis

47. WWII Explained in Seven Minutes

48. 1. Two World Powers Emerged After WWII
United States
And…
The Soviet Union

49. 2. The Marshall Plan a 1948 “Economic Recovery Act”
U.S. Plan to re-build + re-construct European countries
Western Europe accepted help = growth & prosperity
Eastern Europe…did not

50. 3. United Nations is Formed
Founded 1945
Focus:
1. international law
2. international security
3.economic development
4. social progress
5. human rights

51. 4. The Nation of Israel UN Partition Plan Divided Palestine into
Jewish & Arab states
Conflict remains to this day