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IA Projects Tips Towards Success.

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Presentation on theme: "IA Projects Tips Towards Success."— Presentation transcript:

1 IA Projects Tips Towards Success

2 IB Physics SL Assessments

3 IA Assessment Objectives
1. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of: facts, concepts and terminology; methodologies and techniques; methods of communicating scientific information. 2. Apply: facts, concepts and terminology; methodologies and techniques; methods of communicating scientific information. 3. Formulate, analyze and evaluate: hypotheses, research questions and predictions; methodologies and techniques; primary and secondary data; scientific explanations. 4. Demonstrate the appropriate research, experimental, and personal skills necessary to carry out insightful and ethical investigations.

4 The Internal Assessment
The internal assessment task will be one scientific investigation taking about 10 hours lab time and the write-up should be 6 to 12 pages long. (not longer or shorter) It should require a purposeful research question and the scientific rationale for it. The project should be broad enough to reflect significant engagement, and narrow enough to be completed in the time allowed with the equipment available.

5 Valid IA Project Types A hands-on laboratory investigation (most often) Using a spreadsheet for analysis and modelling Extracting data from a database and analyzing it graphically Producing a hybrid of spreadsheet/database work with a traditional hands-on investigation Using a simulation, provided it is interactive and open-ended Some tasks may consist of relevant and appropriate qualitative work combined with quantitative work.

6 Valid IA Project Types The topic you select must fall under the umbrella of the IB Physics curriculum. You do not need to be restricted to our subset of SL and Option B Engineering. You may explore HL content and Options A Relativity, C Imaging, and D Astrophysics (pdfs posted on Request)

7 IA Rubric Personal engagement (0-2 pts) 8% Exploration (0-6 pts) 25%
Analysis (0-6 pts) 25% Evaluation (0-6 pts) 25% Communication (0-4 pts) 17% Total (0-24 pts) See Handout

8 IA Rubric Personal engagement Exploration Analysis
Related to interests; YOU design and do it Exploration Background info; Variables involved; experimental design; hypothesis; methodologies Analysis Data; Data summaries; Data analysis; Graphs; Tables; Stats; Error analysis

9 IA Rubric Evaluation Communication
Conclusions, sources of error, further directions, comparisons to accepted Communication Paper is complete, concise, free of errors Abstract (optional) See Slosberg’s Science IA Document to maximise your score

10 Classroom Grading and Pacing
Besides IB IA assessment rubric grading, the stages of the project will be assessed as follows. 3 Ideas (15 pts) May 30 Year 1 Project Selection (10 pts) Sept 15 Group Mock IA Project about Gases (65 pts) Sept 30 Proposal/First draft (30 pts) Oct 15 First Trials (20 pts) Nov 15 Data Complete peer presentations (20 pts) Jan 15 2nd draft for Teacher Written Feedback (30 pts) Feb 1 Group 4 project for Cover Page (30 pts) Mar 1 Final IA Paper (50 pts) Mar 15

11 The Research Process Choosing a project
Experimental design (aka Using the scientific method) Collecting data Data analysis Presentation / Paper

12 Choosing a project Narrow your topic to a specific question
Consider previous projects or labs done Consider your personal interests Review a textbook, lab book, or a related book Look through magazines and newspapers for current issues in the sciences Surf the internet on your topic Look for something in your everyday life that grabs your attention Develop at least 3 possible projects

13 Choosing a project Decide on a tentative project
Discuss practical aspects with your teacher Is the scope too narrow? Is the scope too wide? Is the needed equipment available? Are there experts who can be contacted? What resources can you use?

14 Choosing a project Do some background reading
What have other researchers studied on this topic? What did they find? What other variables can be studied? Identify at least 3 sources of information. Prepare the first draft of your project (Intro, background and planned method) Note: You may switch projects at this time. You will not be allowed to change topics after you complete the draft.

15 Special Clearances If you are working with vertebrate animals, you must obtain special permission and follow ethical guidelines for their humane treatment For projects involving people, you must obtain consent from your subjects If your subjects are minors (<18), you will need parental consent Mild deception is sometimes necessary when doing a psychological project Special permission must be obtained and subjects must be debriefed immediately after the experiment No project needing special clearances will be approved!

16 Choosing a project (Summary)
Brainstorm ideas (at least 3 by May 15) Narrow your topic to a specific question Discuss practical aspects with teacher Do some background reading Choose a topic (by Aug 20) Commit your project and register your project with your teacher. (by Oct 1)

17 First Assignment Check out the resources posted online for help with your IA: Explore 300 IA ideas document Read Nature of Science part 1, p1-7 Read Slosberg Ch 1, p1-4 and the Appendix C list of physics labs 3 Ideas by day of the final (15 pts)

18 The Scientific Method A procedure based on observations that is used to answer questions Identify variables State a hypothesis Perform an experiment Accept/reject/revise the hypothesis Repeat as needed

19 Experimental design Identify your Independent Variables (IV), Dependent Variables (DV) and Extraneous Variables Independent variables are those that you control directly Dependent variables are those that are measured in an experiment Extraneous variable are those that need to be controlled and held constant.

20 Experimental design Develop your hypothesis
A hypothesis should include the independent variable, the dependent variable and a prediction about the effect of the IV on the DV If you have multiple IVs or DVs, you will have multiple hypotheses

21 Experimental design Operationalize the IV and DV (decide how exactly they will be measured or determined) Control the Extraneous variables (specify how exactly you will prevent these variables from influencing your measurement of the DV) Describe the Control condition (a Control is a case for the IV for which the IV is absent or set to zero, if possible)

22 Experimental design About CONTROL – 2 meanings
You must control the values of extraneous variables so they are the same for all trials. A Control trial is one which is performed without the IV present or with IV = 0. When you compare the effect of an IV vs a control trial, you can infer a cause and effect relationship between the IV and DV Strongest scientific conclusion possible

23 Experimental design Number of trials
An experiment should give the same results upon replication regardless of who does the experiment or where it is done 5 is a minimum to use for averaging data 7 is a minimum to use for equation fitting 10-30 is desired for statistical analysis Consider time available and scheduling (remember to shoot for 10 of lab time)

24 Experimental design Standardize the experimental conditions
If you have more than one IV, vary one at a time keeping the other constant Consider the “First pancake principle” – when making pancakes there are so many variables involved, it’s best to just try out something. Then modify the method based on the results of the first pancake.

25 Experimental design Sometimes a baseline measurement is subtracted from experimental data to obtain the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable

26 Experimental design Write your intended procedure
Be specific (anyone should be able to follow the directions) Include how you will find the needed materials Include any equipment you will need Do a sample trial and adjust the procedure as needed Prepare the first draft of your IA paper (Intro, background and planned method) (By Oct 15)

27 Experimental Design (Summary)
Identify your Independent and Dependent Variables Operationalize your variables Develop your hypothesis Consider number of trials needed Consider control conditions / control trial Standardize the experiment Do a single trial run Write your final procedure

28 Collecting Data Use a single notebook for this purpose
Work in pen (If mistakes are made, strike through them with a single line) Never throw away any measured values If you are collecting data electronically, keep an experimental journal (written or digital) describing what was done and how it is saved Back-up any electronic data in two places

29 Collecting Data Record the procedure actually used for each trial including any deviations from the written procedure Record the IV of each trial and the corresponding DV next to each other Make a data table for multiple trials Record all quantitative and qualitative observations you can make even if they seem irrelevant at the time Record all trials, even preliminary studies and failed trials

30 Collecting Data All data collected by Jan 1.
Prepare a PowerPoint to share your raw data with the class the first week of Second semester. Receive peer feedback. Hand in a draft of paper by Feb 1. This draft should include as much as possible including data analysis, error analysis, and conclusions. Receive written feedback from the teacher (only allowed once during the year) including advice on data analysis specific to your project

31 Data analysis Types of data Nominal Ordinal Interval Rational

32 Data analysis Descriptive Statistics Inferential statistics Accuracy
Precision

33 Data analysis Descriptive statistics – Central tendency
Mean (or average) Median Mode Bar graph

34 Data analysis Descriptive statistics – Dispersion
Minimum, Maximum, Range Rank, Quartiles Standard deviation Variance Relationships between variables x-y graphs Slope, intercept Straightlerizing nonlinear graphs

35 Data analysis Inferential statistics – Significance!!!
Did the different levels of the IV affect the DV in a significant way? Many different tests are available (see me) Most result in a p-value A p-value is the probability that the differences you observed were due purely to chance A p-value<0.05 is statistically significant

36 Data analysis What test do I use? Type of data # IV conditions
# trials/condition Test to use Nominal/Ordinal Any number Chi-square Interval/Rational 2 3-30 t-test >30 z-test >2 >3 ANOVA >7 Linear Regression

37 Data analysis Linear regression results in a correlation coefficient, r, between 0 and 1 If r=0, there is no relationship between the two variables If r=1, there is a perfect linear relationship For the hard sciences, r must be above 0.9 for significance and it should be at least 0.99 For the social sciences, an r value of 0.4 is sufficient to show that some relationship exists

38 Data analysis Percent error Percent difference

39 Error Analysis/Propagation
Assess uncertainty present in measured quantities. Propagate this uncertainty through the calculations done to find the uncertainty in your results. If: 𝑦 = 𝑎 ± 𝑏 then: 𝛥𝑦 = 𝛥𝑎+𝛥𝑏 If: 𝑦=𝑎𝑏𝑐 then: 𝛥𝑦/𝑦=𝛥𝑎/𝑎+𝛥𝑏/𝑏+𝛥𝑐/𝑐 If: 𝑦=an 𝑛 then: Δ𝑦/𝑦=𝑛(Δ𝑎/𝑎)

40 IA Paper (See also: Slosberg)
Title Abstract (optional) Introduction Background Hypothesis Procedure Data Results Conclusions Each project should be Written up into a 6-12 page paper Prepared in presentation form for class

41 Paper Title Specific title that clearly explains what your project is about. Should be able to get an idea about the IV and DV Do not put your name on the title page

42 Paper It IS your paper in a single paragraph executive summary. Someone should be able to read the abstract only and get the main points of your paper. Think of it as a collection of one sentence statements of how you have met each of the objectives on the IA rubric It is ALWAYS written last and should not be included in drafts until the penultimate one. It is optional, but looks really good and professional if you can do it. Abstract

43 Paper Introduction No need for a subheading unless you use an abstract. Then label both. Include your personal influence for the project Include global, ethical, or safety issues. End with the research question

44 Paper Background Provide the physics background needed to understand the project. Define variables, explain operationalization Describe experimental design (including control variables and control trial) General methods to be used, not a step by step procedure End with the Hypothesis.

45 Paper Procedure Explain what you actually did in enough detail that anyone could duplicate your experiment without needing additional resources. Consider using pictures of you doing the experiment if a process if difficult to explain or of any unusual apparatus. In general IB prefers hand drawn images of apparatuses

46 Paper Data Include tables of raw data that connect directly to the procedure. Label units and identify measured uncertainties. You may include averages for identical trials only or graphs to display the raw data prior to processing

47 Paper Data Analysis Averages Std deviation Graphs / Charts Correlation
Statistics for significance Error propagation

48 Paper Conclusion Results either support or do not support the hypothesis Specify how the data corresponds to your conclusion Do the results answer the research question? Consider sources of error Further directions

49 Paper References Include any resources you used to write the introduction, develop your methodology or process your data. Use APA formatting for citations. See Purdue OWL for help.

50 IA Paper – First draft (Oct 15) For clearance to start trials
Title Introduction (why this project for you) Background ( >3 links to use, general ideas, part of IB curriculum related) Hypothesis (IV and DV identified and a guess about how DV depends on IV) Procedure (tentative including equipment, # of trials and a possible schedule) References

51 IA Paper – Second draft (Jan 15) Presented for peer feedback
Title (complete) Introduction (complete) Background (complete) Hypothesis (complete) Procedure (what you actually did, materials used) Data (Raw data tables, Visual representations of data, graphs, averages) References

52 IA Paper – Final Draft (Feb 1) For Single Teacher Feedback
Title (From 2nd draft) Abstract (draft) Introduction (From 2nd draft revisions from peers) Background (From 2nd draft) Hypothesis (From 2nd draft) Procedure (complete) Data (complete) Data analysis (draft) – teacher feedback really helps Conclusions (draft) References (complete)

53 IA Paper – Final (March 15) For submission, pdf emailed
Title (complete) Abstract (complete) Introduction (complete) Background (complete) Hypothesis (complete) Procedure (complete) Data (complete) Data analysis (complete) Conclusions (complete) References (complete)

54 Presentation “Good afternoon. I am Sally Jones. My IB Physics project is entitled….” Title Page Title Your Name Your School

55 Presentation Introduction slides What is your research questions? 2-3
Important equations or derivations What is your research questions? What are the variables of interest? Why are they important to our lives? To You? What basic theory is necessary to understand your project?

56 Presentation Hypothesis You may read this overhead directly
Number each of your hypotheses You may read this overhead directly “My hypothesis is /hypotheses are…” Pause for a short while after you read these

57 Presentation Procedure
Number the steps Use past tense and passive voice Show pictures of any unusual apparatus “The hypothesis was tested in the following way. First…”

58 Presentation Results “This procedure lead to the following results….
Table showing the raw data obtained Talk through data pointing out averages and patterns Show the data as a graph “This procedure lead to the following results…. “These data can be better displayed as a graph…

59 Presentation Acknowledgments Resources Citations Questions….
“I’d like thank the following people… “I found these resources helpful… “Do you have any questions?”

60 Due Dates Last possible graded
March 15 IB Deadline (non-negotiable) FINAL IA Paper complete in digital pdf form ready for upload ed to teacher. (Before spring break) March 1 Group 4 Physics/Bio Project performed and IA Cover sheet completed and ed. Feb 1 Second draft due Paper/projects complete with Data analysis. (Teacher written feedback by Feb 15 – one time only) Jan 15 Schedule individual conferences as needed for questions about data processing or statistics Jan All data collected. (Peer feedback for revision from class presentations.)

61 Due Dates Last possible
Nov First Trial Run conferences as needed. Modifications of procedures as necessary. Oct Proposal/First draft. (Includes background, hypothesis, research question, experimental design, time table for data collection, expected data processing and references.) Sept 30 Mock IA Project start to finish with groups of students for a required lab about gases Sept Topic selection (pending equipment) May Research Ideas (conferences for focus) May First training during first year.

62 Classroom Grading and Pacing
Besides IB IA assessment rubric grading, the stages of the project will be assessed as follows. 3 Ideas (15 pts) May 30 Year 1 Project Selection (10 pts) Sept 15 Group Mock IA Project about Gases (65 pts) Sept 30 Proposal/First draft (30 pts) Oct 15 First Trials (20 pts) Nov 15 Data Complete peer presentations (20 pts) Jan 15 2nd draft for Teacher Written Feedback (30 pts) Feb 1 Group 4 project for Cover Page (30 pts) Mar 1 Final IA Paper (50 pts) Mar 15

63 First Assignment Check out the resources posted online for help with your IA: Explore 300 IA ideas document Read Nature of Science part 1, p1-7 Read Slosberg Ch 1, p1-4 and the Appendix C list of physics labs 3 Ideas by day of the final (15 pts)


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