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Chapter 1 Lesson 4 The Importance/Purpose of Government Government:

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1 Chapter 1 Lesson 4 The Importance/Purpose of Government Government:
Help people live together peacefully and productively Is the ruling authority for a community Government is any organization that has the power to make and carry out laws

2 Functions of Government
Keep Order Pass laws and enforce laws to deter crime Establish courts Laws serve to prevent conflicts between individuals, groups, or nations Provide Security Establish armed forces Protect citizen from foreign attacks Provide Services Protect public health and public safety Provide public welfare Ex. Run libraries, schools, parks. Build and repair streets Provides people who are needy-provides jobs/money/food Guide the Community Develop public policy Manage the economy Conduct foreign relations Ex. Financial planning, collecting and spending money

3 Levels of Government The United States has a federal system of government Federal government systems have power divided between the federal (national) and state governments There is also local governments that serve towns, cities, and countries The national government has the highest level of authority over its citizens

4 The National Government
Highest level of government State and local gov cannot make laws that go against national gov Set basic rules for citizenship

5 Each of the 50 states has its own state government
Local governments can be found in counties, cities, and towns Local and state governments cannot take actions that go against the law or authority of the national government

6 State Government Each state has its own
Decide on matters for people of their state (marriage laws, school laws, etc)-laws cannot go against national gov Set up local gov

7 Local Government Closest to citizens
Provide public services such as schools, police, emergency services Cannot go against national gov

8 Federal: Highest level of authority Makes and enforces laws for entire country Sets basic rules for citizenship State: All 50 states have their own government Make and enforces laws for their state Manage public health and safety for their state Build roads and bridges Establish local governments May not make laws that go against federal government Local: Level of government closest to citizens Provide schools, police, fire, department, courts

9 The State government Like the nation and every other state, Alabama is governed by a state constitution Why is Alabama governed like this? In order to protect Alabamian's rights

10 State Government Alabama State government is made up of three branches
The Legislative Branch The Executive Branch The Judicial Branch

11 State Legislative branch
Makes the laws for the state It is bicameral (has two houses-Senate and House) Senate: has 35 members House: has 105 members Who elects the representatives? The citizens of Alabama

12 My Elected officials The person who represents you in the USA House of Representatives (federal level) Martha Roby The people who represents you in the United States Senate are Doug Jones and Richard Shelby The person who represents you in the Alabama State Senate is Clyde Chambliss The person who represents you in the Alabama State House of Representatives is Will Dismukes

13 The executive branch The Executive Branch: enforces state laws
Who is the head of the executive branch? The governor How often do citizens elect the governor? Every four years Who is your states governor? Kay Ivey

14 Judicial branch The judicial branch decides questions of state laws-they interpret state laws How many justices are on the Alabama Supreme Court? Nine and they serve for a 6 year term Who elects judges? Citizens of Alabama

15 The Court systems in Alabama
Court of Criminal and Civil Appeals Circuit courts District courts Municipal courts Probate and juvenile courts

16 Funding the State Government
Where does the state government get money from? Sale and income taxes Interest The federal government

17 Funding the State Government
What does the state government spend its money on? To provide services to Alabama citizens and to pay people in the government

18 Local government Alabama is organized into 67counties
Below the county level, there are municipal governments

19 Laws and ordinance Local governments are subject to state and federal laws Local laws are called ordinances Ordinances deal with traffic, curfews, taxes

20 Public Services and Funding: What services do local governments provide their citizens?
Public schools, libraries, fire and police protection, water and sewage systems

21 Legislative Branch Law making Has a senate (35 members-one member for each district) Has House of Representatives (105 members-one member for each district) Citizens elect members of the senate and house Senate and House must work together an approve a bill before it becomes law Executive Branch Enforces the laws Governor is in charge Citizens elect governor Current governor is Kay Ivey Judicial Branch Decides questions on the laws Interprets the laws

22 National/Federal Government
Federalism is the division of government between the federal government and state governments National/Federal Government Legislative Branch-makes laws for the entire nation (USA senators and House members-elected by citizens) Executive Branch-enforces laws for the entire nation (president-elected by citizens) Judicial Branch- interprets the Constitution Alabama State Government Legislative Branch-makes laws for the state of Alabama (state senators and house members-elected by citizens of Alabama) Executive Branch-enforces Alabama laws (governor-elected by citizens of AL) Judicial Branch-interprets AL laws CANNOT MAKE LAWS THAT GO AGAINST THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

23 Democratic Government
Democracy began in the ancient Greek city of Athens Athens had a direct democracy All citizens met to discuss government matters and voted Today many countries that want a democratic government have a representative democracy to represent them, make laws, and govern on their behalf The United States has a representative democracy government system

24 What is the difference between a direct democracy and a representative democracy?
In a direct democracy every citizen gets together and votes on government matters In a representative democracy citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf

25 Representative Democracies
How many types of representative democracies are there Two-Constitutional monarchy and republics Constitutional Monarchy: Monarchy in which the power of ruler is limited by a countries constitution and laws Most European countries that have a monarch are constitutional monarchies Republics: Citizens choose the person who will be the head of the government or the head of state

26 Democracy works on the principle of majority rule
Majority rule: more than half of the members of a community has the power to make laws that everyone must follow Under this principle, citizens abide by what more than half the people want Ruling majorities are determined through free and fair elections where candidates get the voters’ approval

27 Principles of American Democracy:
Rule of Law: all people, including those in charge must follow the law Limited Government: government is not all powerful. It can only do the things the people give it power to do Consent of the governed: citizens tell the government what it can do Individual rights: citizens rights are protected by the government Representative government: citizens elect leaders to make the laws and govern Free, fair and competitive elections: every citizen has an equal vote. Citizens choose candidates and can vote without government interference Majority Rule: a majority of members in a community have the power to make the laws for everyone

28 Authoritarian Government
What is the main difference between democratic regimes and authoritarian regimes? Democratic: people rule Authoritarian: power is held by a person or a group of people

29 Authoritarianism Systems
Absolute monarchy, dictatorship, totalitarianism

30 Selection of leaders Rulers inherit their power or take it by force

31 Power of Government Rulers have unlimited power
Government may have official ideology that controls economic, political, and civic life

32 Political parties Until the 1600s most monarchs could have absolute power-they are known as absolute monarchs in a form of government called an autocracy Today there are few absolute monarchs Another form of authoritarian government is a dictatorship. Dictators exercise complete control Dictators often come to power by use of force and typically use police and military to maintain power

33 Totalitarian Rule Gov controls all aspect of life
Leaders do not let anyone try to compete with them Take away individual freedoms Control media and rely on scare tactics and violence

34 Some totalitarian states practice a system of socialism
In a socialist state, society controls all aspects of the economy either directly or indirectly through the government The government decides what items the industries will produce and what jobs workers will have Under socialism it is hoped that a nations wealth will be divided evenly

35 Three famous totalitarian regimes in history:
Nazi Fascist Italy Soviet Union

36 Totalitarian states today:
Cuba, North Korea, Mayanmar

37 Review: Democratic systems Examples: How leaders are selected:
Representative Democracy Direct Democracy Constitutional Monarchy How leaders are selected: Citizens vote in elections Government Powers: Limited by constitutions Power comes from the people (people voting in elections) How they keep peace: There are rules and laws put into place Political Parties: Multiple parties can compete for power

38 Authoritarian Systems
Examples Absolute monarchy, dictatorship, totalitarianism How Leaders are selected Inherit power or take power by force Government Powers Unlimited, government is not limited by the people How they keep peace Force, scare tactics, police power Political parties There are no other parties to compete with those in power

39 Democracy: Representative-smaller group of people are elected to govern on citizens behalf. Direct-everyone has a direct vote/say in government Dictatorship: leaders have complete control, citizens do not have a say in government, citizens do not have freedoms like those in democracy Monarchy (ruled by king or queen) Absolute- king or queen have all the power, people do not have power. Constitutional- king and queen are limited by constitution, people have power Oligarchy: a form of government in which a small group of people holds power Theocracy: a government that is ruled by religious leaders

40 Check UP (WED)

41 Homework: Study for Chapter 1 Test!


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