1. Chapter 1 Lesson 4 The Importance/Purpose of Government Government:
Help people live together peacefully and productively
Is the ruling authority for a community
Government is any organization that has the power to make and carry out laws

2. Functions of Government
Keep Order
Pass laws and enforce laws to deter crime
Establish courts
Laws serve to prevent conflicts between individuals, groups, or nations
Provide Security
Establish armed forces
Protect citizen from foreign attacks
Provide Services
Protect public health and public safety
Provide public welfare
Ex. Run libraries, schools, parks. Build and repair streets
Provides people who are needy-provides jobs/money/food
Guide the Community
Develop public policy
Manage the economy
Conduct foreign relations
Ex. Financial planning, collecting and spending money

3. Levels of Government
The United States has a federal system of government
Federal government systems have power divided between the federal (national) and state governments
There is also local governments that serve towns, cities, and countries
The national government has the highest level of authority over its citizens

4. The National Government
Highest level of government
State and local gov cannot make laws that go against national gov
Set basic rules for citizenship

5. Each of the 50 states has its own state government
Local governments can be found in counties, cities, and towns
Local and state governments cannot take actions that go against the law or authority of the national government

6. State Government Each state has its own
Decide on matters for people of their state (marriage laws, school laws, etc)-laws cannot go against national gov
Set up local gov

7. Local Government Closest to citizens
Provide public services such as schools, police, emergency services
Cannot go against national gov

8. Federal:
Highest level of authority
Makes and enforces laws for entire country
Sets basic rules for citizenship
State:
All 50 states have their own government
Make and enforces laws for their state
Manage public health and safety for their state
Build roads and bridges
Establish local governments
May not make laws that go against federal government
Local:
Level of government closest to citizens
Provide schools, police, fire, department, courts

9. The State government
Like the nation and every other state, Alabama is governed by a state constitution
Why is Alabama governed like this?
In order to protect Alabamian's rights

10. State Government Alabama State government is made up of three branches
The Legislative Branch
The Executive Branch
The Judicial Branch

11. State Legislative branch
Makes the laws for the state
It is bicameral (has two houses-Senate and House)
Senate: has 35 members
House: has 105 members
Who elects the representatives? The citizens of Alabama

12. My Elected officials
The person who represents you in the USA House of Representatives (federal level) Martha Roby
The people who represents you in the United States Senate are Doug Jones and Richard Shelby
The person who represents you in the Alabama State Senate is Clyde Chambliss
The person who represents you in the Alabama State House of Representatives is Will Dismukes

13. The executive branch The Executive Branch: enforces state laws
Who is the head of the executive branch? The governor
How often do citizens elect the governor? Every four years
Who is your states governor? Kay Ivey

14. Judicial branch
The judicial branch decides questions of state laws-they interpret state laws
How many justices are on the Alabama Supreme Court? Nine and they serve for a 6 year term
Who elects judges? Citizens of Alabama

15. The Court systems in Alabama
Court of Criminal and Civil Appeals
Circuit courts
District courts
Municipal courts
Probate and juvenile courts

16. Funding the State Government
Where does the state government get money from?
Sale and income taxes
Interest
The federal government

17. Funding the State Government
What does the state government spend its money on?
To provide services to Alabama citizens and to pay people in the government

18. Local government Alabama is organized into 67counties
Below the county level, there are municipal governments

19. Laws and ordinance
Local governments are subject to state and federal laws
Local laws are called ordinances
Ordinances deal with traffic, curfews, taxes

20. Public Services and Funding: What services do local governments provide their citizens?
Public schools, libraries, fire and police protection, water and sewage systems

21. Legislative Branch
Law making
Has a senate (35 members-one member for each district)
Has House of Representatives (105 members-one member for each district)
Citizens elect members of the senate and house
Senate and House must work together an approve a bill before it becomes law
Executive Branch
Enforces the laws
Governor is in charge
Citizens elect governor
Current governor is Kay Ivey
Judicial Branch
Decides questions on the laws
Interprets the laws

22. National/Federal Government
Federalism is the division of government between the federal government and state governments
National/Federal Government
Legislative Branch-makes laws for the entire nation (USA senators and House members-elected by citizens)
Executive Branch-enforces laws for the entire nation (president-elected by citizens)
Judicial Branch- interprets the Constitution
Alabama State Government
Legislative Branch-makes laws for the state of Alabama (state senators and house members-elected by citizens of Alabama)
Executive Branch-enforces Alabama laws (governor-elected by citizens of AL)
Judicial Branch-interprets AL laws
CANNOT MAKE LAWS THAT GO AGAINST THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

23. Democratic Government
Democracy began in the ancient Greek city of Athens
Athens had a direct democracy
All citizens met to discuss government matters and voted
Today many countries that want a democratic government have a representative democracy to represent them, make laws, and govern on their behalf
The United States has a representative democracy government system

24. What is the difference between a direct democracy and a representative democracy?
In a direct democracy every citizen gets together and votes on government matters
In a representative democracy citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf

25. Representative Democracies
How many types of representative democracies are there
Two-Constitutional monarchy and republics
Constitutional Monarchy:
Monarchy in which the power of ruler is limited by a countries constitution and laws
Most European countries that have a monarch are constitutional monarchies
Republics:
Citizens choose the person who will be the head of the government or the head of state

26. Democracy works on the principle of majority rule
Majority rule: more than half of the members of a community has the power to make laws that everyone must follow
Under this principle, citizens abide by what more than half the people want
Ruling majorities are determined through free and fair elections where candidates get the voters’ approval

27. Principles of American Democracy:
Rule of Law: all people, including those in charge must follow the law
Limited Government: government is not all powerful. It can only do the things the people give it power to do
Consent of the governed: citizens tell the government what it can do
Individual rights: citizens rights are protected by the government
Representative government: citizens elect leaders to make the laws and govern
Free, fair and competitive elections: every citizen has an equal vote. Citizens choose candidates and can vote without government interference
Majority Rule: a majority of members in a community have the power to make the laws for everyone

28. Authoritarian Government
What is the main difference between democratic regimes and authoritarian regimes?
Democratic: people rule
Authoritarian: power is held by a person or a group of people

29. Authoritarianism Systems
Absolute monarchy, dictatorship, totalitarianism

30. Selection of leaders
Rulers inherit their power or take it by force

31. Power of Government Rulers have unlimited power
Government may have official ideology that controls economic, political, and civic life

32. Political parties
Until the 1600s most monarchs could have absolute power-they are known as absolute monarchs in a form of government called an autocracy
Today there are few absolute monarchs
Another form of authoritarian government is a dictatorship. Dictators exercise complete control
Dictators often come to power by use of force and typically use police and military to maintain power

33. Totalitarian Rule Gov controls all aspect of life
Leaders do not let anyone try to compete with them
Take away individual freedoms
Control media and rely on scare tactics and violence

34. Some totalitarian states practice a system of socialism
In a socialist state, society controls all aspects of the economy either directly or indirectly through the government
The government decides what items the industries will produce and what jobs workers will have
Under socialism it is hoped that a nations wealth will be divided evenly

35. Three famous totalitarian regimes in history:
Nazi
Fascist Italy
Soviet Union

36. Totalitarian states today:
Cuba, North Korea, Mayanmar

37. Review: Democratic systems Examples: How leaders are selected:
Representative Democracy
Direct Democracy
Constitutional Monarchy
How leaders are selected:
Citizens vote in elections
Government Powers:
Limited by constitutions
Power comes from the people (people voting in elections)
How they keep peace:
There are rules and laws put into place
Political Parties:
Multiple parties can compete for power

38. Authoritarian Systems
Examples
Absolute monarchy, dictatorship, totalitarianism
How Leaders are selected
Inherit power or take power by force
Government Powers
Unlimited, government is not limited by the people
How they keep peace
Force, scare tactics, police power
Political parties
There are no other parties to compete with those in power

39. Democracy: Representative-smaller group of people are elected to govern on citizens behalf. Direct-everyone has a direct vote/say in government
Dictatorship: leaders have complete control, citizens do not have a say in government, citizens do not have freedoms like those in democracy
Monarchy (ruled by king or queen) Absolute- king or queen have all the power, people do not have power. Constitutional- king and queen are limited by constitution, people have power
Oligarchy: a form of government in which a small group of people holds power
Theocracy: a government that is ruled by religious leaders

40. Check UP (WED)

41. Homework: Study for Chapter 1 Test!