5. Who do you “respect”?
If you got in trouble… who in the school would you least want to have to deal with?
Why them?

6. The “Credibility” Theory and “Brinkmanship”
CREDIBILITY / a.k.a “street cred”
To be believable / taken seriously
To be respected
To be taken at their word

7. The “Credibility” Theory and “Brinkmanship”
BRINKMANSHIP / a.k.a. “Massive Retaliation”
Being willing to go all in to prove your credibility

8. World War 1
Begins 30 year period of Europe tearing itself apart, and Europe’s burnout as the center of global power
Totally shapes the world we live in today / marks a shift into a modern global era?

9. Four main reasons driving Europe to war
Militarism
Alliance systems
Imperialism
Nationalism
Four main reasons driving Europe to war

10. Opposing Alliances Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary
*Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers
France
Russia
Great Britain
*Italy
*Japan
*USA

11. Europe 1914

12. Trouble in the Balkans Balkans divided by ethnic groups, religions
A-H controls some areas and is trying to squish revolts
Serbia resists A-H control and aids rebels
Assassination of heir to A-H throne in Bosnia sees A-H crack down on Serbia, Russia step up to help Serbia, and A-H and Russia’s allies line up and start frontin’
Trouble in the Balkans

13. The Western Front
Germany fights France and England in northeastern France (A-H vs Italy south)
500 miles of trenches, and years of bloody fighting
Innovations in devastation – new weapons wreak havoc on the battlefield and reinforce the stalemate
Battles of Verdun and Somme in 1916 – 2 million die and lines don’t move
“total war” – demands civilians support the war effort; propaganda used to justify sacrifices of loved ones and $$$$$$

18. Eastern Front Germany and Austria-Hungary fight Russia
Slow, steady movement towards Russia, who can’t keep up with industry and resources
Russian people suffer from massive shortages of all necessities
March Revolution 1917 drives out Czar, but decides to stay in the war… bad idea…

20. Why the US enters World War 1
At 1st, the US claims neutrality
US anger grows over German u-boat attacks in the Atlantic
Germany reaches out to Mexico
US trades with GB and France much more than Germany and A-H (80/20 to 95/5…)
US banks loan GB and France money – what if they lose??
Shared language and history with British
Shared republican traditions with Great Britain and France – “war to preserve democracy”
Why the US enters World War 1

21. A “World” War
Ottoman Empire joins Central Powers and war spreads to the Middle East
Genocide against the Armenians
Japan joins the Allies for its own reasons
British and French promise more freedoms / possible independence to colonies if they help in the war…
Fighting spreads to Africa / South Pacific / oceans and seas

22. The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
Staying in the war sees things go from bad to worse in Russia after March 1917
Vladimir Lenin leads the Bolsheviks in a revolt that seizes major Russian cities
November Revolution 1917: Bolsheviks declare the creation of the “Soviet Union”; overthrow provisional govt, sue for peace with Germany, and execute the Czar’s family
3 years of civil war follows before the Bolshevik success; Lenin makes a communist dictatorship (“vanguard of the proletariat”)

23. The end of the war, and the “peace” after???
US in the war spells the end for Germany
President Woodrow Wilson wants a “fair and lasting peace” – The 14 Points
The Treaty of Versailles was instead motivated by revenge; only the League of Nations makes it in from the 14 Points*
The Treaty blames the war on Germany, imposes harsh reparations, redraws the map of Europe, and gives England and France control of much of the Middle East
the “war to end all wars” will instead become a big reason why there will be another world war 20 years later…

24. Europe 1919 – after the Treaty of Versailles