1. Walden University Writing Center
Introduction to APA and Writing Center Resources Tampa Residency, PhD R1 Saturday, December 29, 2018 – 10:15-11:45 am
Jes Philbrook
Walden University Writing Center
While you wait, download these slides from the Writing Center website: or
Writing Center homepage > Writing Help > Residencies & Capstone Intensives > PhD Residencies > Residency 1

2. Unique Writing Center Slide Decks
Slide decks for Writing Center-led residency sessions are not located in Blackboard or SharePoint
Instead, the unique slide decks for all Writing Center-led residency sessions are uploaded to the Writing Center’s Residencies Web Page 5 days before the first day of each residency
Let’s find them together!

3. About Me: Jes Philbrook
Started as a Writing Instructor at Walden in 2015 and moved to Coordinator in 2016 and Manager in 2018
BA, MA, and Doctoral Candidate in English
10+ years of experience tutoring and teaching writing
Lives in St. Louis Park, Minnesota
Works from home with husband Max, dog Zoie, and cat Nora
Volunteers as a writing tutor through the International Institute of Minnesota & birth doula through Twin Cities Doula Project

4. Academic Integrity and Avoiding Plagiarism
Today’s Agenda: Discuss these topics and direct you to relevant Writing Center resources
APA overview
Reference Entries
Citations
Academic Integrity and Avoiding Plagiarism

5. Why do you think we use APA style at Walden and as academic writers?
Why APA?
Why do you think we use APA style at Walden and as academic writers?

6. Why APA? Traditional “language” of social sciences
Entering a community of scholars
Creates credibility for you as the author
APA Style blog:
“Uniform style helps us scan articles quickly for key points and findings. Rules of style in scientific writing encourage full disclosure of essential information and allow us to dispense with minor distractions” (American Psychological Association, 2012, para. 1).

7. Why Cite and Reference?
References and citations are ultimately for your reader.

8. References & Citations Overview
Cook, A. F. (2015). Online writing instruction in the past 10 years. Routledge: New York, NY.
References
Citations
…(Cook, 2015).
According to Cook (2015)…
Cite and reference any source that you summarize, paraphrase, or quote in your paper.

9. Reference List: Basic Formatting
Double spaced
Hanging indents
Times New Roman, 12 point font
Alphabetized
No bold
No underlines
No ALL CAPS
No active links
No color
Template; color/boring

10. Reference List Example

11. Introduction to APA Reference Entries
Books
Web pages
Journal articles
Most common reference entries Walden students use:

12. Reference Entries: Books
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Year). Title of the book is italicized like this. City, XX: Publisher.

13. Reference Entries: Book Example Correct format
Truss, L. (2006). Eats, shoots & leaves: The zero tolerance approach to punctuation. New York, NY: Gotham Books.

14. Book References Quiz: What is wrong with this reference entry?
Schendel, Ellen, & Macauley, William J. Building Writing Center Assessments That Matter. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press, 2012.

15. Book References Quiz: What is wrong with this reference entry
Book References Quiz: What is wrong with this reference entry? The author first names & capitalization of the title are formatted incorrectly.
Schendel, Ellen, & Macauley, William J. Building Writing Center Assessments That Matter. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press, 2012.

16. Book References Quiz: What is wrong with this reference entry
Book References Quiz: What is wrong with this reference entry? Corrected Reference Entry.
Schendel, E., & Macauley, W. J. (2012). Building writing center assessments that matter. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press.

17. Reference Entries: Web Pages
Author of the Web Page or Organization that Published the Website Goes Here. (Year). Title of the web page is here without italics. Retrieved from

18. Reference Entries: Web Page Example

19. Reference Entries: Web Page Example Correct format
Mendler, A. (n.d.). Reclaim your game before teaching gets tougher: 6 strategies for growing closer to your most challenging students. Retrieved from

20. Web Page References Quiz: This reference entry is formatted incorrectly. Identify the errors and what would need to be done to fix the reference entry.
Walden university. N.D. Common Reference List Examples. Retrieved:

21. Web Page References Quiz: Corrected reference entry
Walden University. (n.d.). Common reference list examples. Retrieved from

22. Reference Entries: Journal Articles
Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the article goes here: Capitalize following sentence case guidelines. Title of the Journal is Italicized and Follows Title Case Guidelines, Volume(Issue), page-page. doi:xxxxx [OR] Retrieved from

23. How to Find the DOI or URL of an Article
Look at the article and try to find it there.
Go to and fill out the boxes with the article information.
If you find the doi, add that doi to your reference list.
It might be necessary to reformat the doi, changing “ to “doi:” to remain consistent in your reference list. Use the same formatting throughout.
If no doi is found, do a google search for the journal’s homepage and include the URL of the journal home page (not the link to the database).

24. Reference Entries: Journal Article Example
Access this page for “ESL Students’ Attitudes Toward Punctuation”

25. Reference Entries: Journal Article Example Correct format
Hirvela, A., Nussbaum, A., & Pierson, H. (2012). ESL students’ attitudes toward punctuation. System, 40(1), doi: /j.system

26. Article information can be accessed on ScienceDirect
Journal References Activity: Create a reference entry for this journal article. Feel free to work with or check with a neighbor.
Article information can be accessed on ScienceDirect

27. Journal References Activity: Correct format
Wilkes, L., Cowan, L., & Johnson, M. (2015). The reasons students choose to undertake a nursing degree. Collegian, 22(3), doi: /j.colegn

28. Reference List & Writing Center Resources
Search the Writing Center website & use Quick Answers
Common Reference List Entries page
ASC’s resources on Word tools
APA Course Paper Template

29. (Author, year) Author (year)
Up Next: Citations!
(Author, year) Author (year)

30. How do you create citations?
Citations: Overview
Adapt reference entries
Narrative: Author (Year)
Parenthetical: (Author, Year)
How do you create citations?
Quotes
Paraphrases
Summaries
What do you cite?

31. Why citations? To give credit
To allow others to replicate or explore your research
To improve your credibility as an author and give validity to your arguments
To avoid academic integrity violations or unintentional plagiarism

32. Parenthetical Citations
Citations Overview
Narrative Citations
Parenthetical Citations
The author is part of the meaning of the sentence. Author’s names are listed in the sentence.
The author is not part of the meaning of the sentence. All citation elements are in parentheses.
Johnson and Marx (2017) found…
…(Johnson & Marx, 2017).
Johnson and Marx (2017) found “quote” (p. xx).
…(Johnson & Marx, 2017, p. xx).

33. Correct Citation Examples
Narrative Citations
Parenthetical Citations
Martin and Bretag (2017) found that students have high anxiety about learning APA.
Students have high anxiety about learning APA (Martin & Bretag, 2017).
Martin and Bretag (2017) suggested that “students frequently used avoidance strategies to avoid using APA in their writing” (p. 57).
Similarly, “students frequently used avoidance strategies to avoid using APA in their writing” (Martin & Bretag, 2017, p. 57).

34. Citations Quiz: Which one of these citations is formatted correctly?
Shiell noted that APA can be tricky (Shiell, 2013). A
Shiell noted that APA can be tricky (2013). B
Shiell (2013) noted that APA can be tricky. C

35. Citations Quiz: Which one of these citations is formatted correctly
Citations Quiz: Which one of these citations is formatted correctly? C is formatted correctly!
Shiell noted that APA can be tricky (Shiell, 2013). A
Shiell noted that APA can be tricky (2013). B
Shiell (2013) noted that APA can be tricky. C

36. Citation Nuances: and vs. &
Use the & symbol in parenthetical citations and in reference list entries
Citation: (Walker & Shiell, 2014)
Reference entry: Walker, B. & Shiell, A. (2014).
Spell out and with narrative citations
According to Walker and Shiell (2014), …

37. Citation Nuances: Year
The year is needed for all parenthetical citations.
The year is needed for the first narrative citation of a source in a paragraph.
For subsequent narrative citations of a source in a paragraph, the year is not required.
Citations should never look like this: (Smith).

38. Citations Example: Year & Frequency
Flexibility, maximum individual growth, and individual success are key components of differentiated instruction (Tomlinson, 1999). As outlined by Tomlinson (1999), the primary goal of differentiated instruction is to focus on processes and procedures that provide effective learning for multifaceted individuals. Tomlinson referenced another goal of differentiation as making sure that students are successful in terms of knowledge, understanding, and doing. Differentiated instruction can also be defined as a way of learning and teaching that places the student at the center (Tomlinson, 1999).

39. Citation Nuances: et al.
Never use et al. for 1 or 2 authors
Use et al. for the second and subsequent citations for 3-5 authors
Always use et al. for 6+ authors
Evering, Burwell, Collins, and Price (2017) found that the more time students spent proactively practicing APA, the quicker students learned APA. This proactive practice included looking up APA rules and keeping a journal of APA errors (Evering et al., 2017). Evering et al. suggested that students also benefitted from reviewing their faculty’s feedback before writing to review past APA errors.

40. Citation Nuances: Page Number
Use a page number or paragraph number with your citations when:
You use a direct quotation.
You desire to direct a reader to a specific page or area of a work.
Examples:
… (Samson, 2015, p. 201).
Smith and Carlson (2017) stated… (para. 4).

41. Citation Activity: Create a parenthetical or narrative citation for a paraphrase of this source. Your examples can be for the first or subsequent times the source is cited in the text. Feel free to work on your own or with a neighbor.
Hirvela, A., Nussbaum, A., & Pierson, H. (2012). ESL students’ attitudes toward punctuation. System, 40(1), doi: /j.system

42. Citation Activity: Create a parenthetical or narrative citation for a paraphrase of this source. Your examples can be for the first or subsequent times the source is cited in the text. Feel free to work on your own or with a neighbor. Correct formatting for all types of citations
Narrative
Parenthetical
First time in paper
Hirvela, Nussbaum, and Pierson (2012) …
(Hirvela, Nussbaum, & Pierson, 2012).
Subsequent times in same paragraph
Hirvela et al. …
(Hirvela et al., 2012).
Subsequent times in paper
Hirvela et al. (2012) …

43. Citation & Writing Center Resources
Narrative & Parenthetical Citations page
Using et al. page
Citation Variations page
Including the Year page
APA modules
APA webinars
Q&A via live chat or

44. Ensuring Academic Integrity
Responsibility
Honesty
Knowledge

45. Plagiarism Defined at Walden
What is Plagiarism?
As stated in the Walden University (2018) Code of Conduct, “plagiarism is defined as use of intellectual material produced by another person without acknowledging its source,” and it includes:
“Wholesale copying of passages from works of others into an assignment, paper, discussion board posting, or thesis or dissertation without acknowledgment;
Using the views, opinions, or insights of another without acknowledgment; and/or
Paraphrasing another person’s characteristic or original phraseology, metaphor, or other literary device without acknowledgment” (para. 12).

46. Common Accidental Plagiarism Problems
Citations:
Not enough citations
Improper citation formatting
Lack of citations
Paraphrases:
Original material is quoted and cited, but there are no quotation marks and nothing was changed
A few words were changed here and there but sentence structure same
Original text is paraphrased but doesn’t have a citation

47. Two Options for Using Source Information
Quote the original material:
Use quotation marks and copy/paste the quote exactly
Cite the source and include a page or paragraph number
Provide a reference entry for the source
Paraphrase the original material:
Use your own words and own sentence structure when providing an explanation and interpretation of the source material
Cite the source

48. Academic Integrity Quiz: Which of these examples is effectively paraphrased?
Original: “One of the central features of scholarly writing is the use of evidence to make an argument. You must learn how to incorporate other scholars' writing and arguments into your own” (Walden University, 2017).
Example #1: Scholarly writing includes evidence, and academic writers and scholars need to know how to include evidence appropriately in their writing (Walden University, 2017).
Example #2: As explained by Walden, one of the central features of scholarly writing is the use of evidence to make an argument. You must learn how to incorporate other scholars’ writing and arguments into your own.

49. Academic Integrity Quiz: Which of these examples is effectively paraphrased? Example 1!
Original: “One of the central features of scholarly writing is the use of evidence to make an argument. You must learn how to incorporate other scholars' writing and arguments into your own” (Walden University, 2017).
Example #1 is effective: Scholarly writing includes evidence, and academic writers and scholars need to know how to include evidence appropriately in their writing (Walden University, 2017).
Example #2 is ineffective: As explained by Walden, one of the central features of scholarly writing is the use of evidence to make an argument. You must learn how to incorporate other scholars’ writing and arguments into your own.

50. Academic Integrity: Resources
Using Evidence page
Paraphrase page
Quotation page
Citing Sources Properly page
Paraphrasing Source Information webinar
Plagiarism Prevention modules

51. Writing Center Overview

52. Who is the Writing Center?
Writing Instructors
Editors
Two teams
Writing, APA, and grammar experts here to help you succeed at Walden.

53. Website Overview
Writing Center website:
Asynchronous paper reviews with a writing instructor
Live and recorded webinars
Interactive modules
Chat and
Social media: Blog, Twitter, Facebook, podcast
Instructional content and videos such as Walden Templates, Citations, Heading Levels, and more: Use the search bar or Quick Answers search

54. Complete the Residency Survey in the App
Questions?
Ask now!
or chat with us after the residency:
Find the session in the App
Under Surveys click PhD Session Feedback
You can download these slides from the Writing Center website: or
Writing Center homepage > Writing Help > Residencies & Capstone Intensives > PhD Residencies > Residency 1