1. Understanding Diversity Packet #63 Chapter #25
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

2. Diversity How are organisms related? How are organisms different?
How and why do we divide organisms into groups?
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3. CLASSIFICATION & TAXONOMY
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4. Introduction Biodiversity Taxonomy Binomial Nomenclature
The variety of living organisms and the ecosystems they form.
Taxonomy
The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups
Binomial Nomenclature
Is a unique system, devised by Carolus Linneaus, used in the assignment of a genus and a species to all extant and extinct organisms. The genus, and species, of the organism is used to provide the name.

5. Binomial Nomenclature
A system, developed by Carolus Linnaeus, is used in the naming of organisms.
This system is called binomial nomenclature.
This system uses the genus and species, from the classification/taxonomy table, to name an organism
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6. Binomial Nomenclature
Most names are based on Latin and/or Greek words.
The cockroach
Periplaneta americana
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7. Classification History
Early taxonomists classified organisms into two kingdoms
Plante and Animalia
Haeckel established Kingdom Protista
Whittaker proposed the 5-kingdom classification in 1969
Woese, and colleagues, proposed the development of domains based on RNA sequencing
Hence today a 3 domain/5 or 6 kingdom scheme
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8. Taxonomic Categories Taxons
The “formal” grouping at a particular level
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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9. DOMAINS & KINGDOMS Thursday, August 29, 2019Thursday, August 29, 2019
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10. Three Domain Classification System
Domains are based on fundamental and molecular differences among eubacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes
Domains
Archaea
Eubacteria
Eukarya

11. Domains II Archae vs. Eubacteria Archae & Eukarya
Absence of peptidoglycen in the cell walls of Archae
Archae lacks enzyme RNA polymerase characteristic of eubacteria
Archae & Eukarya
Archae has combinatoin of bacteria-like and eukaryotic-like genes
Archae appears more closely related to Eukarya
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12. The Six-Kingdom Classification System
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plante
Animalia
More on individual kingdoms to come down the road!