1. PHILOSOPHY PRINCIPLES ETHICS

2. PHILOSOPHY
- refers to the system of concepts, principles, and values that drive what it is

3. Concept –Stone (1986) Guiding Healing Facilitating Modifying
Restructuring
Developing
Influencing
communicating

4. Process concept Individual is unique People has dignity
Our experiences are different
Counseling is educational in nature
Helping is a process with own structure and systems
Helping relationship is important

5. RELATIONSHIP –PROBLEM AND EXPERTISE

6. Concept -conclusion Achieving something Human services –human as unit
Relationship of two „different‟ individual
Process –dynamic
Technique –assist in achieving goal

7. Principles
NO PERSON MAY DECIDE FOR ANOTHER WHAT OCCUPATION HE SHOULD CHOOSE BUT IT IS POSSIBLE TO HELP HIM TO APPROACH THE PROBLEM THAT SHALL COME TO WISE CONCLUSION FOR HIMSELF
(FRANK PARSON, 1909)

8. PRINCIPLES
… GUIDANCE DOES NOT MEAN THAT OLDER PEOPLE WILL IMPOSE IDEAS UPON CHILDREN; THE BUSINESS OF THE TEACHER IS RATHER TO PROVIDE THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH EACH CHILD WILL MAKE FOR HIMSELF THE SRIES OF CHOICES WHICH WILL DETERMINE HIS COURSE OF LIFE.
BREWER (1918)

9. PRINCIPLES
DO NOT GIVE ADVICE (when doing counseling) … WHAT THE COUNSELEE NEEDS IS ABILITY TO HANDLE SITUATIONS, HIMSELF, NOT ADVICE TO FOLLOW (try not to give advise as necessary as possible)
WATSON & SPENCE (1930)

10. Top Eight Attributes of an Effective Advisor/Guider/Counselor (Miller, 2018)
Communication Skills
Acceptance
Empathy
Problem-Solving Skills
Rapport-Building Skills
Flexibility
Self-Awareness
Multicultural Competency

11. Code of ethics
This Code of Ethics expresses the ethical principles and values of the Counselling Association and serves as a guide to the professional conduct of all its members.
It also informs the public which they serve of the standards of ethical conduct for which members are to be responsible and accountable

12. Basic ethical guideline –Kitchener (1984)
Respect for autonomy
Non maleficience
Beneficence
Justice
fidelity

13. RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY
Respect for inherent freedom and dignity of each person
Free to make choice for themselves
A person without freedom is a person without dignity
A person is responsible for him or herself
Autonomy has limit –one’s action cannot interfere with the freedom of others and autonomy must be based on an understanding and meaning of implication of one’s choice

14. Nonmaleficence Avoiding harm and preventable risks
Use techniques that will not harm client
Competency of helper
Client must not worse off than he or she began!

15. BENEFICENCE
Responsible to do good to client and society at large (potential client)
Limit of competency
Promote public welfare

16. JUSTICE Obligation to act fairly Recognize dignity of all people
Avoid bias in professional action
“Justice means treating equals equally and unequal unequally, in proportion to their inequality” (Kitchener, 1984)
Avoid prejudice of gender, race, religion, economic status

17. FIDELITY Faithfulness to the promises made and to the truth
Loyalty –place client interest ahead of our own
Role of trust –as client is vulnerable

18. Code of Ethics -basis Local values Not a static document
Respect for dignity of a person
Based on right and opportunities
Responsibility for community
Integrity in relationship

19. Malaysia Context Malaysian Counseling Association Code of Ethics
Counselor Act 1998