1. Day 39 Chapter 16 (p. 552-559) (4.20) Glorious Revolution
Britain: The Triumph of Parliament
Day 39 Chapter 16 (p ) (4.20) Glorious Revolution

2. English Absolutism Charles I comes to power James II
Long Parliament begins
Moderate
Radical
Thermidorian
Restoration
Interregnum
Restoration
Constitution
Thorough
Test Act
Glorious Revolution
James I Stuart Reign begins
Charles I dissolves Parliament after it issues Petition of Right
Charles II
The Protectorate

3. King Charles II [r ]
Had charm, poise, & political skills [unlike his father!]
Supported arts/science
Restored the theaters and reopened the pubs and brothels
Favored religious toleration
Had secret Catholic sympathies
Secret treaty of Dover of 1670
Charles agreed to help Louis against the Dutch
Louis agreed to give Charles 3 million livres
Charles promised to announce his conversion to Catholicism when the time was right

4. Thermidorian Reaction
1661  “Cavalier” Parliament [filled with Royalists]
Disbanded the Puritan army.
Pardoned most Puritan rebels
Restored the authority of the Church of England
Booming economy
New Amsterdam seized from Dutch
New products (coffee, chocolate, tobacco, sugar) arrive
Lloyds of London grants insurance for oversea trade
Decadence
Fathered 2 legitimate daughters (Mary & Anne) but no sons
Puritans called him 'that great enemy of chastity and marriage'
One of Charles II many mistresses

5. Exclusion Crisis 1662  Clarendon Code [Act of Uniformity]
All clergy & church officials had to conform to the Anglican Book of Common Prayer
It forbade “non-conformists” (Puritans) to worship publicly, teach their faith, or attend English universities
Declaration of indulgence (1672)
Charles II announced non-enforcement of laws against dissenters
Viewed as a way to promote Catholics
1673  Test Act
Parliament excluded all but Anglicans from civilian and military positions. [to the Anglican gentry, the Puritans were considered “radicals” and the Catholics were seen as “traitors!”]
This began a movement to exclude James from the throne
James II of England

6. Exclusion Crisis Titus Oates (1678)
Anglican minister trumped up a story that there was a “Popish Plot” to reCatholicize England
Exclusion Crisis ( )
Exclusionists (known as Whigs)
Members of Parliament who wanted to exclude Charles II Catholic brother from throne
Tried to have illegitimate son made heir
Kings supporters (Tories) Lower Aristocracy and gentry
King dissolved Parliament and had some arrested
Re-Catholicization was a slow drifting tendency in much of Europe
England remained staunchly anti-Catholic
Charles II was baptized Catholic on his deathbed in 1685
James the heir & brother of Charles announced his conversion Catholicism
Parliament countered with the Test Act of 1673

7. King James II [r ]
Was a bigoted convert to Catholicism without any of Charles II’s shrewdness or ability to compromise.
Alienated even the Tories.
Provoked the revolution that Charles II had succeeded in avoiding!

8. King James II [r ]
Introduced Catholics into the High Command of both the army and navy.
Camped a standing army a few miles outside of London.
Surrounded himself with Catholic advisors & attacked Anglican control of the universities.
Claimed the power to suspend or dispense with Acts of Parliament.
1687  Declaration of Liberty of Conscience
A Declaration of Indulgence in which he extended religious toleration without Parliament’s approval or support.

9. The Revolution of 1688
Suspends the Test Act and appoints Catholics to important positions
Moves Tories over to Whig side
1688 a son is born to James II and baptized Catholic (James Francis)
1685 Edict of Fontainebleau in France
Appears that England will become Catholic again

10. The “Glorious” Revolution: 1688
Whig & Tory leaders offered the throne jointly to James II’s daughter Mary [raised a Protestant] & her husband, William of Orange.
He was a vigorous enemy of Louis XIV.
He was seen as a champion of the Protestant cause.

11. English Bill of Rights [1689]
It settled all of the major issues between King & Parliament.
It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of Rights.
It also formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18c and early 19c in England.

12. English Bill of Rights [1689]
Main provisions:
The King could not suspend the operation of laws.
The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice.
No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent.
Freedom of speech in Parliament.
Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
The monarch must be a Protestant.
Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Censorship of the press was dropped.
Religious toleration.

13. Click for 10 minute summary
Glorious Revolution
Sum of events after 1688 became known as the Glorious Revolution
Justified by John Locke
Right of rebellion against tyranny (not in Ireland)
Natural Rights
Parliamentary government
Rule of law
Restrictions on the power of English kings
England is not a democracy
no salaries for public officials
Had to be wealthy to serve
serves the landed aristocracy
Click for 10 minute summary