1. System Development and Documentation TechniquesBy
Kustanto
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Flowchart

2. Commonly Used Flowcharts
Document Flowcharts
Systems Flowcharts
Program Flowcharts
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3. INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we discuss Flowchart of the most common documentation tools:
Include three types:
Document flowcharts describe the flow of documents and information between departments or units.
System flowcharts describe the relationship between inputs, processing, and outputs for a system.
Program flowcharts describe the sequence of logical operations performed in a computer program.
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4. Flowchart
Flowcharts use a set of standard symbols to depict processing procedures and the flow of data
Flowcharts are pictorial representations of transaction processing systems that portray flows of some type.
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5. Flow Chart Example
All Flow Charts must have an oval Start and an End symbols
A Feedback Loop
Start
Is it
Dark?
A decision box checks an input or condition before carrying on. No
Arrows show the direction of the decision.
Yes
Turn
Lights on
Inputs and outputs are shown as parallelograms
Arrow show direction of the flow.
End

6. Document Flowcharts
A Document Flowchart emphasizes the hardcopy inputs and outputs and their flows through organizational units.
A document flowchart shows the flow of documents and information among areas of responsibility in an organization.
These flowcharts trace a document from origin to disposition and show:
Where a document comes from
Where it’s distributed
How it’s used
It’s ultimate disposition
Everything that happens as it flows through the system
Document flowcharts are also prepared in the system design process.
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7. Document Flowchart Symbols
Multiple-part
document
Transmittal
Tape
Off-line File/
Manual archive
Terminal (start or end
Process)
Input /
output data
Manual
Process
On-page
Connector/
on the same page
Off-page
Connector /
on another page
Annotation
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8. Document Flowchart Symbols
Off-page
Connectors
p.4 1
p.2
on page 2:
on page 4:
to page 4
connector #1
from page 2
(C)
On-page
Connectors 1
Indicates the flow will continue
at the on-page connector #1
Indicates where the flow continues
from the on-page connector #1
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9. A Sample Document Flowchart
Requesting Department
Central Supplies Department A
Goods Requisition
Form 1 2 1
Goods Requisition
Form A
File
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12. GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING A DOCUMENT FLOWCHART
Let’s step through some guidelines for preparing a document flowchart:
As with DFDs, you can’t effectively prepare a flowchart if you don’t understand the system, so:
Interview users, developers, auditors, and management.
Administer questionnaires.
Read through narratives.
Walk through systems transactions
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13. GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING A DOCUMENT FLOWCHART
Identify:
All departments using the system (the parties who “do” things in the story)
All documents or information flows
All processes performed on the documents
As you read through a narrative, you may want to mark the preceding items with different shapes (e.g., drawing a rectangle around entities, circling documents, etc.).
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14. GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING A DOCUMENT FLOWCHART
Use separate columns for the activity of each department.
Example: If there are three different departments or functions that “do” things in the narrative, there would be three columns on the flowchart.
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15. GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING A DOCUMENT FLOWCHART
Do not connect two documents except when forwarding to another column.
When a document is forwarded, show it in both locations.
When using multiple copies of a document, place document numbers in the upper, right-hand corner.
Show on-page connectors and label them clearly to avoid excess flow lines.
Use off-page connectors if the flow goes to another page.
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16. GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING A DOCUMENT FLOWCHART
If a flowchart takes more than one page, label the pages as 1 of 5, 2 of 5, 3 of 5, etc.
Show documents or reports first in the column where they are created.
Start with a rough draft; then redesign to avoid clutter and crossed lines.
Verify the accuracy of your flowchart by reviewing it with users, etc.
Place the flowchart name, the date, and the preparer’s name on each page of the final copy.
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17. Systems Flowchart
a pictorial or graphical representation of the overall flow of work, documents, and operations in a system
systems flowcharts are used by both auditors and systems development personnel
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18. System Flowcharts
They use symbols that are industry conventions standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
Flowcharting symbols are grouped as input-output symbols, processing symbols, storage symbols, data and information flow symbols, and miscellaneous symbols.
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19. SYSTEM FLOWCHARTS
A system flowchart depicts the relationship among the inputs, processes, and outputs of an AIS.
They are a pictorial representation of automated processes and files
The system flowchart begins by identifying the inputs to the system.
Each input is followed by a process, i.e., the steps performed on the data.
The process is followed by outputs—the resulting new information.
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20. SYSTEM FLOWCHARTS
A system flowchart depicts the relationship among the inputs, processes, and outputs of an AIS.
They are a pictorial representation of automated processes and files
The system flowchart begins by identifying the inputs to the system.
Each input is followed by a process, i.e., the steps performed on the data.
The process is followed by outputs—the resulting new information.
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21. Additional Flowcharting Symbols for System Flowcharts
On-line
Keyboard
Automated
Process
Auxiliary
Operation
Video
Display
Keying
Operation
Diskette
Magnetic
Tape
Magnetic
Disk
On-Line
Storage
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22. System Flowchart
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23. They also follow an input – process – output pattern.
PROGRAM FLOWCHARTS
Program flowcharts illustrate the sequence of logical operations performed by a computer in executing a program.
They also follow an input – process – output pattern.
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25. Please, make flowchart document its !!!!
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26. DFDs place a heavy emphasis on the logical aspects of a system.
FLOWCHARTS VS. DFDs
DFDs place a heavy emphasis on the logical aspects of a system.
Flowcharts place more emphasis on the physical characteristics of the system.
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27. End Of Sessions
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